伏毛铁棒锤种子休眠与萌发生理特性研究-植物学专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 伏毛铁棒锤(Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz.)隶属于毛茛目（Ranales）、毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）， 是传统民族药物和民间常用的中草药，其主要药用成分为生物碱类。近年来伏毛铁棒锤野生资源 遭受严重的破坏，野生资源蕴藏量锐减。目前已开始人工栽培研究工作，但发现伏毛铁棒锤种子 发芽率低、出苗不整齐成为人工栽培的一大瓶颈。基于此，本论文对伏毛铁棒锤种子休眠及萌发 特性进行了探索研究，旨在为伏毛铁棒锤种苗繁育和规范化栽培提供理论依据。结果如下： 1．伏毛铁棒锤种子的千粒重为 2.0736g；含水量为 10.691%；伏毛铁棒锤种子发芽率 13.67%-33.33%，发芽势 7%-20%。伏毛铁棒锤种子的活力达 90%。种子存在休眠现象。 2．通过对伏毛铁棒锤种子休眠与破除休眠方法试验。探讨了伏毛铁棒锤种子休眠原因：由 种子吸水特性试验，发现种皮对种子吸水基本无障碍；通过生物活性试验，即用伏毛铁棒锤种子 的乙醇粗提液处理大白菜种子，结果发芽率由 98%下降到 40-50%，说明伏毛铁棒锤种子存在抑 制物质。 采用不同破除伏毛铁棒锤种子休眠的方法，结果表明低温（5℃）层积、变温层积和赤霉素 处理都可促进伏毛铁棒锤种子萌发。伏毛铁棒锤种子发芽率由原来的 30%提高到 80%左右。 3．层积过程中，伏毛铁棒锤种子随着层积时间的延长种子内脂肪、淀粉含量逐渐下降、可 溶性糖含量则逐渐升高、与代谢相关的酶的活性不断地升高。可见种子贮藏物质不断地降解、转 化和利用，为胚的生长提供了大量的物质和能量。 通过高效液相色谱法，结果表明：低温和变温层积，随着层时间的延长，GA3 含量上升趋势 明显。不同层积处理 ABA 含量不同程度的降低，玉米素(Z)含量变化幅度较小。不同层积处理 IAA 含量整体呈上升的变化趋势，含量在变温层积 40 天后含量达到最高。 关键词：伏毛铁棒锤，种子，发芽率，发芽势，内源抑制物，休眠，萌发 II II Abstract Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz. belongs to Ranales、Ranunculaceae Subfam. in the plant system classification, As traditional nationality medicines for many kinds of curative effect and the commonly used Chinese medicine, it is an important medicinal plant, whose biological activity components are mainly alkaloids.In recent years,Wildlife resources of Aconitum flavum was suffered severe damage, it decreased. At present,artificial cultivation have already started to research work, but found Aconitum flavum seed germination rate is low, irregular emergence .it is a major choke point of artificial cultivation.Based on this, the thesis of Aconitum flavum seed dormancy and germination characteristics of the exploration and research, aims to provide a theoretical basis for Aconitum flavum seed breeding and standardized cultivation. Results are as follow: One thousand weight of Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz. Seeds was 2.0736g; Water content was 10.691%; Germination rate of Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz. Seeds was 13.67%-33.33%. Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz. Seeds vigour was 90%. Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz. Seeds have dormancy phe- nomenon By way of studies o