西方翻译研究方法论：70年代以后.docVIP

Chapter one An overview of Western Translation Studies before the 1970s Translation in Antiquity The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract（大瀑布）, Elephantine, where inscriptions in two languages have been found. It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many element of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. (Newmark, 1982/2001:3) Cicero is often considered the founder of Western translation theory, and the first to comment on the process of translati