人权侵犯与政治发展的探讨-崑山科技大学ePortfolio.doc

崑山科技大學人文暨社會科學學報第二期 人權侵犯與第三世界的政治變遷 PAGE 24 PAGE 25 崑山科技大學人文暨社會科學學報 第二期 2010年6月 頁1-52 1 人權侵犯與第三世界的政治變遷 彭堅汶 崑山科技大學通識教育中心教授 摘要 依據經驗研究顯示，第三世界政治發展的危機與人權侵犯間，有著密切的關係；愈劇烈的危機，通常就表示有更高人權侵犯的影響。換而言之，政治不安定的諸多因素，終究是與人權侵犯相關。 為了國家安全的理由，大部分的政黨會使用政治暴力，以為維持或取得其政治權力與支持的手段，其中包括暗殺、恐嚇、脅迫及其它嚴重的人權侵犯。 事實上，善的治理是應由負責的原理與人權的承諾來導引。但很不幸的，開發中國家獨立前後，人權侵犯與政治腐化多年來均如影隨形與司空見慣的。政府對其公民所做的，仍是不斷的訴諸群眾的逮捕、沒有審判的拘禁和不人道的對待。 關鍵詞： 人權、第三世界、政治變遷、政治正當性、威權體制 Human Rights Violations and Political Change in the Third World Peng, Chien-wen Professor, Center for General Education, Kun Abstract There is a deep correlation between the crises of political development and human rights violations in the third world; the more acute the crises, the higher the incidence of human rights violation. In other words, factors of instability are ultimately associated with the crisis of infringing upon the promotion of human rights. For the reason of national security, political violence is used by most parties as a means to retain or acquire political power and support, including attempted assassination, threats, intimidations and other serious human rights violations. As a matter of fact, good governance is guided by the principles of accountability and commitment to human rights. Unfortunately, human rights violation and political corruption have gone hand-in-hand in the developing countries for many years. Both have become commonplace in pre- and post-independence history. Governments have resorted to mass arrests, detention without trial, and the inhuman treatment of citizens. Keywords: Human Rights, The Third World, Political Change, Political Legitimacy, Authoritarian System 人權侵犯與第三世界的政治變遷 壹、前言 依據學者對政治發展的經驗研究顯示，第三世界歷經朝代政治、殖民統治到發展中的民主(Developing Democracy)，基本上均與該國家存在著不同程度的「人權侵犯」（Human Rights　Violations）有著密切的辯證關係。換言之，朝代政治時期的人權侵犯是最為嚴重，然後的殖民統治、威權體制、民主鞏固（Democratic Consolidation）到憲政民主則是處在依次遞減的狀態。 Mertus, Juli Jeffrey W. Helsing (eds.）,2006,Human Rights Conflict: Eastern Europe Ten Years after the Collapse of Communism, Washing