A Three-Dimensional Cellular Automaton-Finite Element Model for the Prediction of Solidification Grain Strutures外文电子书.pdf

A Three-Dimensional Cellular Automaton–Finite Element Model for the Prediction of Solidification Grain Structures ´ Ch.-A. GANDIN, J.-L. DESBIOLLES, M. RAPPAZ, and Ph. THEVOZ A three-dimensional (3-D) model for the prediction of dendritic grain structures formed during solidification is presented. This model is built on the basis of a 3-D cellular automaton (CA) algorithm. The simulation domain is subdivided into a regular lattice of cubic cells. Using physically based rules for the simulation of nucleation and growth phenomena, a state index associated with each cell is switched from zero (liquid state) to a positive value (mushy and solid state) as solidification proceeds. Because these physical phenomena are related to the temperature field, the cell grid is superimposed to a coarser finite element (FE) mesh used for the solution of the heat flow equation. Two coupling modes between the microscopic CA and macroscopic FE calculations have been designed. In a so- called “weak” coupling mode, the temperature of each cell is simply interpolated from the temperature of the FE nodes using a unique solidification path at the macroscopic scale. In a “full” coupling mode, the enthalpy field is also interpolated from the FE nodes to the CA cells and a fraction of solid increment is computed for each mushy cell using a truncated Scheil microsegregation model. These fractions of solid increments are then fed back to the FE nodes in order to update the new temperature field, thus accounting for a more realistic release of the latent heat (i.e., the solidification