A plasmonic chip for biomarker discovery and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes电子版.pdf

T e c h n i c a l R e p o R T s A plasmonic chip for biomarker discovery and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes Bo Zhang1,2,5, Rajiv B Kumar1,3,5, Hongjie Dai1,2 & Brian J Feldman 1,3,4 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, whereas In addition to the fact that present platforms fail to meet current type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from insulin resistance and beta diagnostic needs, arising T1D therapies are critically dependent on cell dysfunction. Previously, the onset of these two separate faster diagnostics than these existing platforms can provide. Highly . diseases was easily distinguished, with children being most at encouraging preliminary studies indicate that immune modulation d e risk for T1D and T2D occurring in overweight adults. However, and antigen-specific therapies fundamentally alter the natural history v r the dramatic rise in obesity, coupled with the notable increase of T1D11, 12. These breakthrough therapies have the potential to pro- e s e in T1D, has created a large overlap in these previously discrete tect pancreatic beta cell function as they move toward broad imple- r s patient populations. Delayed diagnosis of T1D can result in mentation in the patient population. However, early results from these t h severe illness or death, and rapid diagnosis of T1D is critical for studies indicate that therapeutic interventions are most effective when g i r the efficacy of emerging therapies. However, attempts to apply administered temporally close to the time of diagnosis, with delays as l l next-generation platforms have been unsuccessful for detecting short as days to weeks potentially lim