淮河流域日本沼虾野生群体分子遗传多样性及系统演化分析-动物遗传育种与繁殖专业论文.docxVIP

上海海 上海海洋大学硕士学位论文 IV IV 2. 淮河流域日本沼虾野生群体遗传多样性及系统演化的线粒体COI序列分析 测定了淮河流域17个日本沼虾野生群体共248个个体的线粒体细胞色素氧化 酶亚基I（COI）部分序列，获得623 bp核苷酸片段，包括48个变异位点，定义了31 个单倍型，共享单倍型有12个，整体单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性均处于中 间水平。AMOVA分析表明，17个群体间的遗传分化系数FST＝0.0413（P 0.05）， 群体间遗传分化较小。Kimura 2-paramter遗传距离在五河和焦岗湖、花家湖及瓦埠 湖群体间最大为0.014，在高邮和卲伯湖群体之间最小为0.003。最大简约性 ( MP ) 分析构建系统树与单倍型进化网络关系图具有较高的一致性，31个单倍型被分为3 个进化枝，其中一个进化枝主要以下游群体为主，另外2个进化枝主要以中游群体 为主。群体中性检验、错配分析表明淮河日本沼虾近期曾经历过种群扩张。 关键词：日本沼虾，淮河流域，微卫星，线粒体COI，遗传多样性，系统演化 PAGE PAGE VI Molecuar Genetics Diversity and Phylogeography of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense Populations in Huaihe River Basin ABSTRACT Oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, is the most important commercial freshwater prawn in China. Huaihe River basin is abundant of the species and is also one of the main farming areas in China. In the past two decades, the wild genetic resource of the species has decreased hardly due to the wrecking habit and shortage of scienctific administration. So, genetic resources study of M. nipponense in Huaihe River basin would be important for its further and better conservation, stock improvement and increase of farming and wild yileds. In this paper, 17 wild M. nipponense populations (Bangang, Chengdong, zhengyangguan, Jiaogang, Huajiahu, Wabuhu, Gaotanghu, Qianhe, Tianhe, Huayuanhu, Wuhe, Nvshanhu, Laozishan, Jinhu, Jieshou, Gaoyou, and Shaobohu) were sampled in Huaihe River basin, and the genetic structure and phlogeography were analyzed using 13 polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) markers and 31 mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) haplotypes. Main contents are as follows. 1．Genetic diversity of 17 M. nipponense populations in Huaihe River basin based on microsatellites Among the total 221 microsatellite loci from 17 populations with each 45 individuals, 192 loci displayed heterozygosity deficiency and obvious deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The mean expected heterozygosity values of the 17 populations