环境公益诉讼制度及其给我国的启示-法学专业论文.docxVIP

环境公益诉讼制度及其给我国的启示 摘 要 随着我国经济的飞速发展，环境问题日趋严重。根据我国宪法和法律的规 定，对于破坏和污染环境的单位和个人，公民有权进行检举和控告，但如何检 举和控告?向谁检举和控告?法律没有明确的规定，对实践中处理环境纠纷造 成一定的难度。 我国的司法遵循这样一条原则：只有实体性权利受到侵害，才具有起诉的权 利，即实体性权利是诉权的前提和依据，所以，没有环境权则意味着没有环境诉 权。因此，要建立环境诉权，则必须首先从理论上解决实体性权利与程序性权利 的关系问题，这是本文的一个理论难点，笔者作了详细的分析和阐述。 环境公益诉讼制度既是原有司法制度只顾及保护私人利益的狭隘性的突破， 也是对传统诉讼法律制度的超越。它不是创立一种全新的诉讼制度，而是对原有 司法制度的补充与整合，从而实现现有司法资源的最优化利用。因此，它是经济 的、方便的和安全的。 然而，制度的建立不是一朝一夕的事情，我们必须以现有的法律制度为基础， 同时吸收国外先进的立法经验。因此，本文重点介绍了环境公益诉讼制度的性质 和特点，比较研究美国、日本等西方国家环境公益诉讼的种类及模式，使我们对 环境公益诉讼有一个比较全面的认识，同时指出了其中许多值得我们借鉴的地 方，提出我国建立环境公益诉讼制度的几点建议，对建立健全我国的环境公益诉 讼制度做有益的探讨。 关键词：环境；公益：公益诉讼；环境公益诉讼  Litigious System of Environmental Public Good and Its Enlightenment Given to China Abstract Wifh the rapid development of the economy of our country．the environmental problems a re becoming more and more serious According to the provisions of constitution and other relevant laws of our country，any citizen is entitled to inform authorities ofthe destroying and polluting of the environment committed by any unit or individual，or,accuse them of such doings But the laws do not make any deftnite provisiOn on how and to which authorities the citizen shall inform or accuse，which reads to much difficulty in dealing with environmental disputes in practice A lawsuit carl be brought against only where the substantive right of the plaintiff is trespassed，that is，the substantive right of the plaintiff is a precondition for a litigious right No environmental right，thus，means no envi ronmental litigious right Therefore， it is essential to resolve，in theory，the problem on the relationship between the substantive right and the procedural right． The environmental public good lawsuit system breaks through the original judicial system which only protects the private interests and it also surpasses the traditional legal system of procedure．It is not a creation of a brand-new lawsuit system but a repIenishement and merger of the original judicial system SO as to realize the top utilization of the ex