河口水动力、泥沙输移和动力地貌过程探索-海洋地质专业论文.docxVIP

内容摘要以多级分汉的长江河口和西江黄茅海河口湾为例，采用高分辨率的观测技术手 内容摘要 以多级分汉的长江河口和西江黄茅海河口湾为例，采用高分辨率的观测技术手 段，将现场观测、数学模型、理论分析等方法相结合，探索和发展河口水动力过程、 悬沙和底沙输移过程和动力地貌过程研究中的新方法和新手段，发现新现象，揭示 形成机制。 主要结论包括： 1．不同粒径的泥沙有不同的输移行为，应用模糊聚类方法对悬沙粒径进行分 类，发现河口悬沙客观存在的类型，据此估算各个类型的输沙通量。 2．应用高分辨率声学设备观测河口悬沙浓度分布规律，研究发现悬沙浓度垂 向分布至少有三种类型，即上小下大的“L”型和指数型，上大下小的“漂浮”型。 人工抛泥对流场作用形成低流速区，它们随抛泥悬沙的输移扩散而减弱。 3．建立在底沙粒径空间分布的粒径趋势分析方法，在多种泥沙来源的河口区， 必须考虑河口水下地貌单元的空间分布特征选择粒径趋势。建立在水动力和泥沙输 移基础上的底沙迁移方向的动力学模型，并应用来研究长江河口底沙迁移方向与路 径，这种理论与方法具有较好的判断能力。 4．河口沙坝是河口发育的主体，其形成代表河口发育的不同阶段，然而河CI 沙坝研究仅停留在概念模式探索，还未上升到理论研究阶段。长江河口沙坝可分为 两种主要类型(沙坝型和拦门浅滩型)，前者形成空间自相似的三元结构，两类沙坝 的形成机制存在明显的差异。 关键词：水动力、悬沙、底沙、动力地貌、长江河口 AbstractIn Abstract In the tidal—dominated estuaries such as the Chang)iung Estuary and the Huangmaohai Estuary,high—resolution acoustic profilers are applied to observe current and suspended sediment concentration，and new methods and approaches are developed for hydrodynamics，sediment transport and morphodynamics in the estuarine environment，in order to find new phenomena and probe into their mechanism．Major conclusions are as follows： (a)Sediment of different grain sizes has different characteristics and transport behavior．A fuzzy clustering method is developed and applied to classify sediment mixture． Each population can be objectively identified and their fluxes are estimated． (b)High—resolution acoustic profilers are applied to observe the current and suspended load concentration．At least three types of vertical profile of concentration are found out，that is，L-type and exponent type埘tll the upper concentration smaller and the lower larger,and floating type with the upper concentration larger and the lower smaller． Low-velocity zones occur owing to the effect of dredged sediment disposal on the flow, and tend to decrease谢m diffusion and settling ofdisposal sediment． (c)Two methods on bedload transport direction and pathways in estuaries are introduced，statistical and dynamical methods．Subaqueous topographic units should be included in the grain-size trend