第二讲揭开免疫的奥秘（固有免疫）..pptVIP

* * * * NK Cell Interacting with a Normal Body Cell NK cells appear to use a duel receptor system in determining whether to kill or not kill human cells. NK cells appear to use a duel receptor system in determining whether to kill or not kill human cells. When cells are either under stress, are turning into tumors, or are infected, various stress-induced molecules are produced and are put on the surface of that cell. The first NK cell receptor, called the killer-activating receptor, recognizes these stress-induced molecules. This interaction sends a positive signal which enables the NK cell to kill the cell to which it has bound unless the second receptor cancels that signal. This second receptor, called the killer-inhibitory receptor, recognizes MHC-I molecules that are also usually present on all nucleated human cells. If MHC-I molecules are expressed on the cell, the killer-inhibitory receptor sends a negative signal that overrides the kill signal and prevents the NK cell from killing that cell. * * Viruses and malignant transformation can sometimes interfere with the ability of the infected cell or tumor cell to express MHC-I molecules. Without the signal from the killer-inhibitory receptor, the kill signal from the killer-activating signal is not overridden and the NK cell releases pore-forming proteins called perforins, proteolytic enzymes called granzymes, and chemokines. Granzymes pass through the pores and activate the enzymes that lead to apoptosis of the infected cell by means of destruction of its structural cytoskeleton proteins and by chromosomal degradation. As a result, the cell breaks into fragments that are subsequently removed by phagocytes. Perforins can also sometimes result in cell lysis. NK Cell Interacting with a Virus-Infected Cell or a Mutant Cell Not Expressing MHC-I Molecules * * （2）ADCC： 抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒作用 * * NK细胞 单核巨噬细胞 中性粒细胞 IgG抗体与靶细胞结合 IgG Fc段与效应细胞Fc? R结合 效应细胞将靶细胞杀灭 ADCC作用过程 * * * * ADCC by NK Cells * * 三、体液中的抗微生物物质 * * （一）补体 （二）溶菌酶 （三）防