普通语言学 3.pptVIP

---stylistic features ;From the perspective of stylistics, today we analyze the syntax and rhetorical devices of Obama′s victory speech, with the aim to study the stylistic features of the speech so as to have a better appreciation of Obama′s art of public speaking and the meaning of the speech. From the speech we can learn how he procured the public support by means of effective syntax and rhetorical devices. 从文体学的角度, 今天我们在句法、修辞层面对奥巴马的演讲进行分析, 揭示其文体特征, 赏析其利用句法、修辞手段来有效地传达意义, 进行劝说并获取公众支持的演讲艺术。 ;2008年11月4日晚上, 作为当选的美国第44任总统巴拉克·奥巴马在芝加哥格兰特公园举行盛大的集会, 发表以“美国的变革”为主题的当选演说。他表示, 美国的变革时代已经到来( change has come to America) , 并且呼吁美国人民团结起来。该演讲不仅展现了奥巴马的个人风采, 而且堪称文中精品, 具有相当的审美情趣。 ;句法层面;句子长度;　奥巴马演讲句子长度分析 每句含词量 句数 所占比例 1 - 9 20 25.16℅ 10 - 19 15 19.13℅ 20 - 29 16 20.15℅ 30 - 39 13 16.17℅ 40以上 14 17.19℅ 总　计 78 100℅ 　　;从表中可以看出, 这篇演讲的主要特点是长短句的分布比较平均, 体现了句子结构的多样性。奥巴马在演讲中长短句交替使用, 避免了枯燥感, 体现了节奏上的要求。另外, 奥巴马总统的短句使用颇具特色, 特别是“Yes we can”, 7 次放到长句句尾, 铿锵有力,具有明显的强调功能。例如: At a time when women′s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot。Yes we can。 最后一句话, 奥巴马只用了3个词, 便把自己对前述行为的态度一针见血地表达出来, 中肯有力, 简洁明快, 便于记忆。 ;句子结构;It grew strength from the young people who rejeced the myth of their generation′s apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a g