医学电子仪器wiederholen.pptxVIP

;;;;;;;;;;;;Biopotential Pressure Flow Dimensions (imaging) Displacement (velocity, acceleration, force) Impedance Temperature Chemical Concentration;;Sensor and Transducer;Signal Conditioning;Output Display;Parameters used to evaluate medical instrument: Accuracy: The difference between the true value and the measured value divided by the true value Precision: The number of distinguishable alternatives from which a given results is selected Resolution: The smallest increment quantity that can be measured with certainty Reproducibility: The ability to give the same output for equal inputs applied over some period of time.;;;;;;;;Wheatstone Bridge;27;28;Vo;View piezoelectric crystal as a charge generator:;Convert charge generator to current generator:;;动作电位的概念:指可兴奋细胞在受到一定强度的刺激后，膜两侧的电位在原有静息电位的基础上发生的一次快速的倒转和复原;动作电位有一下几部分组成: 上升支 下降支 超射 负后电位 正后电位;The Active State;If stimulus depolarize the cell such that Vcell Vthreshold an action potential is generated. ;Action Potential;Action Potential;1.电化学驱动力： 决定离子跨膜流动的方向和速度，某离子电化学驱动力应等于膜电位与该离子平衡电位之差。 如Na+ ：Em-ENa=-70mV-(+60mV)=-130mV AP产生的基本条件: ①膜内外存在[Na+]差: [Na+]i＞[Na+]O ≈ 1∶10； ②膜在受到阈刺激而兴奋时，对离子的通透性增加： 即电压门控性Na+、K+通道激活而开放。;当细胞受到刺激;Mechanism of AP;结论： 1、AP的上升支由Na＋内流形成，下降支是K＋外流形成的，后电位是Na＋－K＋泵活动引起的 2、AP的产生是不消耗能量的，AP的恢复是消耗能量的（Na＋－K＋泵的活动）。 3、AP = Na＋的平衡电位。 ;Action Potential Travel;心肌细胞的分类 工作心肌细胞 (working cardiac cell)： 心房肌、心室肌 自律心肌细胞 (rhythmic cell):;;;;The P-wave shows the hearts upper chambers (atria) contracting (depol.) The QRS complex shows the hearts lower chambers (ventricles) contracting The T-wave shows the hearts lower chambers (ventricles) relaxing (repol.) The U-wave believed to be due repolarization of ventricular papillary muscles.;;;;(A) The circuit of the Wilson central terminal (CT).(B) The location of the Wilson central terminal in the image space (CT). It is located in the center of the Einthoven triangle.;;;ECG level： 50μV - 5 mV EEG level： 10 - 300 μV ;Interference from electric devicesDisplacement cir