基于pzt压电阻抗的结构检测方法的试验研究-结构工程专业论文.docxVIP

华中科技 大学硕士 学 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I I 摘 要 实时、在线的结构健康状况诊断方法的研究对于实际服役的大型结构的健康状 况的评估是很重要的，尤其对微小损伤的诊断，目前已有的方法存在一定的困难。 研究新的检测方法就显得非常必要。论文在国家自然科学基金(No的资助 下进行了基于压电阻抗的结构损伤检测的试验研究。 论文首先介绍了结构损伤检测的一般方法，概述了几种方法的基本理论和研究 现状。然后，详细介绍了基于压电阻抗的结构损伤检测新方法，然后介绍了 PZT 阻 抗法用于结构损伤检测的基本理论，包括智能材料与结构的概念、特点和 PZT 在智 能结构中的应用；压电振动的相关基本理论，PZT 与结构耦合电阻抗的推导。并根 据这些基本理论，设计了定量检测螺栓松动的实验，根据螺栓扭矩变化，采集绘制 了不同工况的 PZT 电导纳（实部和虚部）的曲线，并利用损伤工况与完整工况的差 方均值来评定结构的损伤情况，不同频率下，各工况具有相同的差方均值曲线，显 示了良好的可重复性。最后讨论了利用压电阻抗阵列来进行损伤定位的可行性和适 合钢结构检测的频段作用范围，显示了压电陶瓷良好的应用前景。 作为一种新的损伤检测方法，压电阻抗法还处于发展阶段，离大规模的工程实 际应用尚有一定距离，今后还需对压电阻抗法在更复杂结构损伤的类型、尺寸、位 置确定等方面作更深入的研究。 关键词：损伤检测 PZT 阻抗法 摩擦连接板 螺栓松动 定量判别 II II Abstract It is very important to give a robust health monitoring method for in-service structure, especially for incipient damage of structure. There are difficulties for traditional methods. So it’s necessary to find a new one for health monitoring. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No, the piezo-electricity (PZT) impedance method in structural damage detection was experimentally studied. Firstly, in this thesis the traditional methods of damage detection were discussed, then, the new method using the PZT impedance method to detect the structural damage was introduced in detail. The basic theory of the application of the PZT impedance method in structural damage identification was analyzed which includes the notion and feature of the intelligent material, the application of PZT in the intelligent structure, the basic theory of piezo-electricity vibration and the deduction the relation between PZT and the structure coupling electrical impedance. Based on this theory, the experiment of detecting bolts’ loseness quantitatively was designed. PZT admittance spectrum curves with the change of torque of the bolt were captured. Damage states were quantitatively identified by using the mean square deviation between the damage condition and the complete condition. Good result was obtained with ideal repe