数学专业学生竞赛几何训练题.docVIP

数学专业大学生竞赛几何训练题 Page PAGE 10 of NUMPAGES 10 设点O是平面上正多边形A1A2…An的中心，证明 SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 +…+ SKIPIF 1 0 ＝ SKIPIF 1 0 . [证明]：因为 SKIPIF 1 0 ＋ SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 , SKIPIF 1 0 ＋ SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 , …… SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 , SKIPIF 1 0 ＋ SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 , 所以 2( SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 +…+ SKIPIF 1 0 ) ＝l( SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 +…+ SKIPIF 1 0 ), 所以 (l－2)( SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 +…+ SKIPIF 1 0 )＝ SKIPIF 1 0 . 显然 l≠2, 即 l－2≠0. 所以 SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 +…+ SKIPIF 1 0 ＝ SKIPIF 1 0 . SKIPIF 1 0 , SKIPIF 1 0 是三个两两不共线的矢量，且 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 +m SKIPIF 1 0 ，试证A, B, C三点共线的充要条件是l+m＝1. [证明]：“ SKIPIF 1 0 ”因为 A，B，C共线，从而有 SKIPIF 1 0 // SKIPIF 1 0 , 且有m1－1, 使 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝m SKIPIF 1 0 , SKIPIF 1 0 － SKIPIF 1 0 ＝m ( SKIPIF 1 0 － SKIPIF 1 0 ), (1+m) SKIPIF 1 0 ＝ SKIPIF 1 0 ＋m SKIPIF 1 0 , SKIPIF 1 0 ＝ SKIPIF 1 0 SKIPIF 1 0 ＋ SKIPIF 1 0 SKIPIF 1 0 . 但已知 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 ＋m SKIPIF 1 0 . 由 SKIPIF 1 0 对 SKIPIF 1 0 , SKIPIF 1 0 分解的唯一性可得 l＝ SKIPIF 1 0 , m＝ SKIPIF 1 0 从而 l+m＝ SKIPIF 1 0 + SKIPIF 1 0 ＝1. “ SKIPIF 1 0 ” 设l+m＝1. 则有 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 ＋m SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 ＋(1－l) SKIPIF 1 0 = SKIPIF 1 0 +l( SKIPIF 1 0 － SKIPIF 1 0 ), SKIPIF 1 0 － SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l( SKIPIF 1 0 － SKIPIF 1 0 ), 所以 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝l SKIPIF 1 0 , 从而 SKIPIF 1 0 // SKIPIF 1 0 .故 A，B，C三点共线. 四面体每一个顶点与对面重心所连的线段共点，且这点到顶点的距离是它到对面重心距离的三倍. 用四面体的顶点坐标把交点坐标表示出来. [证明]：设四面体A1A2A3A4,Ai对面重心为Gi, 欲证AiGi 在AiGi上取一点Pi，使 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝3 SKIPIF 1 0 , 从而 SKIPIF 1 0 ＝ SKIPIF 1 0 ， 设Ai (xi, yi, zi)(i＝1, 2, 3, 4)，则 G1 SKI