英语的语素、词.ppt

英语的语素和词 Bound Morphemes: cannot occur on their own, e.g. de- in detoxify, -tion in creation, -s in dogs, cran- in cranberry. Free Morphemes: can occur as separate words, e.g. car, yes. rearranged In a morphologically complex word -- a word composed of more than one morpheme -- one constituent may be considered as the basic one, the core of the form, with the others treated as being added on. The basic or core morpheme in such cases is referred to as the stem, root, or base, while the add-ons are affixes. Affixes that precede the stem are of course prefixes, while those that follow the stem are suffixes. Thus in rearranged, re- is a prefix, arrange is a stem, and -d is a suffix. Keep in mind that most morphemes are neither derivational nor inflectional! For instance, the English morphemes Melissa, twist, tele-, and ouch. Can a word = a morpheme? Yes, at least in the sense that a word may contain exactly one morpheme: morpheme1.doc Are there morphemes that are not words? Yes, none of the following morphemes is a word: Can a word = a syllable? Yes, at least in the sense that a word may consist of exactly one syllable: Are there morphemes that are not syllables? Yes, some of the following morphemes consist of more than one syllable; some of them are less than a syllable: Are there syllables that are not morphemes? ?Yes, many syllables are less than morphemes. Just because you can break a word into two or more syllables does not mean it must consist of more than one morpheme! So (if you were wondering -- and yes, some people have trouble with this) there is no necessary relationship between syllables, morphemes, and words. Each is an independent unit of structure. * * bound morpheme? Kempt整洁的(as in unkempt) suffix? -s? suffix? -ness? prefix? dis-? prefix? un-? Category? Morpheme? interjection? whoops? preposition? in? verb? work? noun? car? Word Class? Word? plural ( syll.)? -s? noun ( syll.)? spider? preposition ( syll.)? under? Word Class? Morpheme? n