离散数学杨争锋ch064.pptxVIP

(2) Definition 1 (page 436) The generating function for the sequence a0, a1, … of real numbers is the infinite series G(x) = a0 + a1x + … + akxk + … = ∑k=0 \infinite ak xk 牛牛文库文档分享 (3) Example 1 (page 436) The generating functions for the sequence {ak} with ak=3, ak=k+1, and ak=2k are ∑k=0 \infinite 3xk, ∑k=0 \infinite (k+1)xk and ∑k=0 \infinite 2kxk respectively. 牛牛文库文档分享 (4) Remark (备注) We can define generating functions for finite sequences of real numbers by extending a finite sequence a0, a1, …, an into infinite sequence by setting an+1=0, an+2=0, and so on. 牛牛文库文档分享 (5) Example 2 (page 436) What is the generating function for the sequence 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1? Solution: The generating function of 1,1,1,1,1,1 is 1+x+x2+x3+x4+x5. We have: (x6-1)/(x-1) = 1+x+x2+x3+x4+x5 Consequently, G(x)= (x6-1)/(x-1) is the generating function of sequence 1,1,1,1,1,1. 牛牛文库文档分享 (6) Example 3 (page 436) Let m be a positive integer. Let ak=C(m,k) , for k=0, 1, 2, … , m. What is the generating function for the sequence a0, a1, …, am? Solution: G(x) = C(m,0) + C(m,1)x + C(m,2)x2 + … + C(m,m)xm = (1+x)m 牛牛文库文档分享 2. Useful Facts about Power Series Example 4 (page 437) The function f(x)=1/(1-x) is the generating function of the sequence 1, 1, 1, 1, … since 1/(1-x) = 1+x+x2+…… For |x|1. 牛牛文库文档分享 (2) The function f(x)=1/(1-ax) is the generating function of the sequence 1, a, a2, a3, …. since 1/(1-ax)=1+ax+a2x2+…. for |ax|1, or equivalently, for |x|1/|a| for a≠0. 牛牛文库文档分享 (3) Let f(x)=∑k=0 \infinite akxk and g(x)=∑k=0 \infinite bkxk Then f(x)+g(x) = ∑k=0 \infinite (ak+bk)xk f(x)g(x) = ∑k=0 \infinite (∑j=0 k ajbk-j)xk 牛牛文库文档分享 (4) Let f(x)=1/(1-x)2. Use Example 4 to find the coefficients a0, a1, a2, … in the exp