英语句子成分与英语句子基本结构讲解及练习.docVIP

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （ ） He likes dancing. （ ） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （ ） To see is to believe.（ ） What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（ ） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （ ） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （ ） Five and five is ten. （ ） He is asleep. （ ） His father is in.（ ） The picture is on the wall. ( ) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ） The question is whether they will come. （ ） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）…… It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The