果园绿肥腐解及养分释放动态研究.PDFVIP

中国农学通报 2014,30(22): 121-127 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 果园绿肥腐解及养分释放动态研究 崔志强，李宪利，崔天舒 （山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安271018 ） 摘 要：以目前果园常用的4 种绿肥作物（多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅、菊苣）为材料，分别在冬、夏2 季采用袋埋法，研究绿肥在果园土壤中的腐解及养分释放规律特征，为果园生草、培肥土壤及合理施肥 提供基本资料。结果表明，随翻压时间的延长，4 种绿肥腐解释放规律一致：夏季翻压时，呈先快后慢的 特点，冬季翻压则是“慢—快—慢”的“S”形。氮、磷、钾养分的释放过程显著不同，钾的释放早且快速， 氮磷的释放相对较慢。土壤温度对绿肥腐解有显著的影响，夏季翻压45 天后，4 种绿肥均有70%左右的 已腐解释放，而冬季翻压则需180天才能达到同样的腐解量。 关键词：果园绿肥；养分释放；腐解 中图分类号：S142+.9 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2014-0342 StudyonCharacteristicsofDecomposingandNutrientsReleasingofGreenManuresinOrchards CuiZhiqiang,LiXianli,CuiTianshu (CollegeofHorticulturalScienceandEngineering,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity/ StateKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology,Tai’anShandong271018) Abstract:LoliumperenneL.,MedicagosativaL.,FestucaelataKengexE.Alexeev,CichoriumintybusL.are4 ofthemaingreenmanuresinorchards.Decomposingandnutrientsreleasingcharacteristicsofthese 4 green manureswereinvestigatedinthisstudybyusingthemethodofnylonnetbaginwinterandsummer,forthe purpose of providing theory basis for orchard grass cultivation, soil fertility improvement and rational fertilization. The results showed that there were no significant difference in decomposing and nutrients releasingcharacteristicsamong 4 greenmanurecrops.Whenincubatedinsummer,allthesegreenmanures hadaninitialrapiddecayingandthenaslowdecaying;whenincubatedinwinter,theyshowedslow-rapid- slowreleasingtrend.Thereleasesofdifferentnutrientsingreenmanureswerevaried.Potassiumwasreleased rapidlyandcompletely,andnitrogenandphosphoruswerereleasedrelativelyslowly.After 45daysincubation insummer,thedecompositionrateofthese4greenmanurecropswereallabout70%,whileinwinterafteras longas 180daysi