声音是一种由物体振动引发物理现象.pptVIP

Sound is a physical phenomenon produced by the vibration of matter, such as a violin string, or a block of wood. As the matter vibrates, pressure variations are created in the air surrounding it. This alteration of high and low pressure is propagated through the air in a wave-like motion. When a wave reaches the human ear, a sound is heard. 声音和音频技术涉及的主要是声波(声学信号)的处理。编码、录音机或数字音频带的存储、音乐及语音处理是这一领域的主要课题。 Sound methodology and audio techniques engage in processing these sound waves (acoustic signals). Important topics in this area are coding, storage on recorders or digital audio tapes, music and speed processing. 声音是由物体的振动产生的，这种振动引起了周围空气压强的振荡，我们称这种振荡的函数表现形式为波形. Sound is produced by the vibration of matter. During the vibration, pressure variations are created in the air surrounding it. The pattern of the oscillation is called a waveform 如果每隔一定时间波形就重复相同的形状，那么就称这个时间为周期。一般然声音的波形既不会十分光滑也不会有很强的周期性。与非周期性的声音相比，具有周期性的声音听起来要悦耳得多。乐器的演奏、元音、鸟鸣及风声都是周期性的声音，而打击乐器声、咳嗽声、喷嚏声以及流水声则是非周期性的。 The waveform repeats the same shape at regular intervals and this portion is called a period. Since sound waves occur naturally, they are never perfectly smooth or uniformly periodic. However, sounds that display a recognizable periodicity tend to be more musical than those that are nonperiodic. Examples of periodic sound sources are musical instruments, vowel sounds, the whistling wind and bird songs. Nonperiodic sound sources include unpitched percussion instruments, coughs and sneezes and rushing water. 声音的频率是周期的倒数，它表示的是声音在1秒钟内的周期数，单位是赫兹(Hz)。千赫(kHz),即1000Hz,表示每秒振动1000次[Boo87]。声音按频率可作如下划分: The frequency of a sound is the reciprocal value of the period; it represents the number periods in a second and is measured in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second (cps). A convenient abbreviation, kHz (kilohertz), is used to indicate thousands of oscillation per second: 1 kHz equals 1000 Hz [Boo87]. The frequency range is divided into: 次声 0～20Hz 人耳能听见的声音 20Hz～20KHz 超声 20KHz