农田土壤线虫多样性研究现状和展望.PDF

生物多样性 2007, 15 (2): 134–141 doi: 10.1360/biodiv.060287 Biodiversity Science http: // 农田土壤线虫多样性研究现状及展望 1, 2 1* 1 李 琪 梁文举 姜 勇 1 (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016 ) 2 ( 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049) 摘要: 目前土壤生物多样性已成为土壤生态学研究的热点问题之一。土壤生物以不同的方式改变着土壤的物理、 化学和生物学特性。在农田生态系统中, 土壤动物是分解作用和养分矿化作用等生态过程的主要调节者。线虫作 为土壤中数量最丰富的后生动物, 其生活史和取食类型多样, 在生态系统中发挥着重要作用。本文介绍了农田生 态系统中影响线虫多样性的主要因素; 回顾了土壤线虫的物种多样性、营养类群多样性、生活史多样性和功能多 样性的研究现状; 并提出了今后农田生态系统线虫多样性研究的重点。建议通过综合土壤线虫的生活史策略和营 养类群等信息, 深入了解其生物多样性和土壤生态系统功能, 从而更好地发挥土壤线虫对农田生态系统变化的生 物指示作用。 关键词: 土壤线虫, 生物多样性, 农田生态系统, 分子生物学 Present situation and prospect of soil nematode diversity in farmland ecosystems Qi Li1,2, Wenju Liang1*, Yong Jiang1 1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 Abstract: Soil biodiversity has been one of the foci in the soil ecological research field. Soil biota can change the physical, chemical and biological characters of soil in different ways. In farmland ecosystems, soil organisms are main regulators in the decomposition, nutrient mineralization and other ecological proc- esses of soil. Soil nematodes are the most abundant metazoan, which have various types of life-history and feeding habits, and play a key role in soil food web. This paper introduces the main factors influencing soil nematode diversity in farmland ecosystems, reviews the present situation in the nematode diversity research field a