宏观经济学课件-Chap02.pptVIP

Measuring a Nation’s Income一国收入的衡量 Chapter 2 Measuring a Nation’s Income When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind. It may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science. Lord Kelvin 一国收入的衡量 当你能衡量你所谈论的东西并能用数字加以表达时，你才真的对它有了几分了解；而当你还不能衡量，也不能用数字表达时，你的了解就是肤浅的和不能令人满意的。尽管了解也许是认知的开始，但是在思想上则很难说你已经步入了科学的阶段。 ——凯尔文勋爵 Measuring a Nation’s Income一国收入的衡量 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:学习目标 By the end of this chapter, we should understand: ?why an economy’s total income equals its total expenditure.为什么一个经济的总收入等于其总支出？ ?how gross domestic product (GDP) is defined and calculated.如何定义和计算国内生产总值GDP？ ?the breakdown of GDP into its four major components. 说明GDP分为四个主要组成部分。 ?the distinction between real GDP and nominal GDP.了解实际GDP与名义GDP之间的区别。 ?whether GDP is a good measure of economic well-being. 考虑GDP是不是经济福利良好的衡量指标？ Microeconomics微观经济学 Microeconomics is the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact with one another in markets. 微观经济学研究家庭和企业如何作出决策，以及他们如何在市场上相互交易。 Macroeconomics宏观经济学 Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. 宏观经济学研究整体经济。 Its goal is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets at once. 宏观经济学的目标是解释同时影响许多家庭、企业和市场的经济变化。 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics answers questions like the following: Why is average income high in some countries and low in others? Why do prices rise rapidly in some time periods while they are more stable in others? Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in othe