微观经济学-双语课件-第5章-生产者理论-CH5-Producer-Behavior-Theory.pptxVIP

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微观经济学-双语课件-第5章-生产者理论-CH5-Producer-Behavior-Theory.pptx

微观经济学-双语课件-第5章-生产者理论-CH5-Producer-Behavior-Theory.pptx

Producer Behavior Theory;Content;A story:三个和尚的故事;5.1 Introduce of Production;;5.2 The Short-Run Production;5.2.1 Total, Average, and Marginal Product;Exercise;Increasing marginal returns initially (最初边际报酬递增) The marginal product of an additional worker exceeds the marginal product of the previous worker (新增的一个工人的边际产量比前一个工人的边际产量大) Occur when the number of worker is small Decreasing marginal returns eventually (最终边际报酬递减) All production processes eventually reach a point of decreasing marginal returns (所有的生产过程最终都会达到一个边际收益递减的点) The marginal product of an additional worker is less than the marginal product of the previous worker;The relationship between TP, AP and MP;5.2.2 Three-Stage Division of Product (生产的三个阶段);5.2.3 The Labor and the Maximum Profit (劳动力数量和利润最大化);;Exercise and Homework;3、下列说法中错误的是( ) A、只要总产量减少,边际产量一定是负数 B、只要边际产量减少,总产量一定也减少 C、随着某种生产要素投入量的增加,边际产量和平均产量增加到一定程度将趋于下降,其中边际产量的下降一定先于平均产量 D、边际产量曲线一定在平均产量曲线的最高点与之相交;4、边际产量可以被定义为( ) A、利润的变化量/劳动力的变化量 B、产量的变化量/劳动力的变化量 C、劳动力的变化量/产量的变化量 D、劳动力的变化量/总成本的变化量 5、当劳动的总产量下降时,( ) A、平均产量是增加的 B、平均产量为零 C、边际产量为零 D、边际产量为负;6、当平均产量为正但递减时,边际产量( ) A、递减 B、为零 C、为负 D、以上三种均有可能 7、如图,厂商的理性决策应在( ) A、3L4.5 B、4.5L7 C、3L7 D、0L4.5;;5.3 The Long-Run Production;5.3.1 The Isoquant Curve (等产量曲线);; MRTS is the amount by which the quantity of one input has to be reduced when one extra unit of another input is used, so that output remains constant (维持总产量不变,增加一单位某种要素的投入量所需减少的另一种要素的投入量) MRTSLK =-ΔK / ΔL = MPL / MPK; The absolute value of a certain point on the isoquant curve(边际技术替代率表示等产量曲线上某点斜率的绝对值) Diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution: (边际技术替代率递减) Under the premise of keeping the output constant, when the quantity of one input is increasing, the quantity of another input that can be substituted by one unit of this input is decreasing (在维持总产量不变的前提下,随着一种要素投入量的增加,一单位这种要素所能替代的另一种要素的数量是递减的);5.3.2 The Isocost?Line (等成本线); ;Conditions of Producer Equilibrium:;5.3.4 Plant Size (生产规模);When a firm increases its labor an

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