澳洲大学石油工程讲座17-5580-operating-problems-gas-gathering-and-injection-systems.pptVIP

Rike Service, Inc. OPERATING PROBLEMS:GAS GATHERING INJECTION SYSTEMS Corrosion Excessive pressure losses External corrosion in old systems where bare pipe has leaks developing, which are then removed. If replacement pipe is coated and wrapped, this will accelerate corrosion of the bare pipe. Perform pipe to soil potential survey to locate potential trouble spots. Three choices — economic Uncover Coat and wrap the pipe Use Cathodic protection via sacrificial anodes or impressed current Combinations of the three above Internal corrosion results from chemicals reacting with steel (carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide). Free water must be present for corrosion to occur; they are not corrosive alone. Organic acids in produced fluids also cause corrosion Oxygen accelerates the reaction tremendously. 1 ppm of oxygen alone results in a corrosion rate of 5 mpy. Vacuum systems susceptible to corrosion, as air (oxygen) is admitted if any leak occurs Surveillance necessary Visual inspections (report) Corrosion coupons Corrosometers Choices for protection Internal protective coatings Corrosion inhibitors Both of above Excessive pressure losses Liquids Dirt and corrosion products Hydrate formation Freezing of liquid water Excessive production rates Liquids condense at reduced temperature, or may be due to carryover from separator equipment. Liquids commonly found Crude oil Salt water Condensate (hydrocarbon and water) Mist carry-over Liquids accumulate in low places and may last for a long time. Remove by installing drips or drains downstream of lowest points in line. A blow case may be needed on vacuum line. Remedies Install scrubbers Effective design of separators Prevent dump valve malfunctioning by preventive maintenance Design pressures must not be exceeded by operating pressures on flow lines, separators, and dump valves, etc. Surge flow or peak rates should be eliminated or equipment designed to handle them Install scraper traps and