Hydraulicconductivity导水率水力传导度[LT]Headgradient水势梯度.pptVIP

* Chapter 3 Water in Soils Hydrological Cycle Chow et al. (1988) Divisions of Subsurface Water Unsaturated Zone Vadose Zone 非饱和带/包气带 Saturated Zone 饱和带 Soil Properties Clay Silt Sand Gravel Grain-size distribution curve Diameter (mm) (log scale) The particle size distribution allows to determine the percentages of clay, sand, silt and gravel in a soil: Clay黏粒 (grain size 0.002 mm) Silt 粉粒 (0.002mmgrain size0.05mm) Sand 砂粒 (0.05mmgrain size2mm) Gravel 石砾 (grain size 2 mm) Dot in plot: Sandy Loam with: Total Soil 2mm Fraction %2mm 25 -- %Sand 40 53 %Silt 33 44 %Clay 2 3 Soil-texture triangle showing the textural terms applied to soils with various fractions of sand, silt, and clay. (Dingman 1993) More than 15% percent of gravel, then the soil is classified as a “Gravelly Sandy Loam” Soil Properties Total Soil 2mm Fraction %2mm 25 -- %Sand 40 53 %Silt 33 44 %Clay 2 3 Characteristics of Porous Media Porosity of different soil types Porosity 孔隙度 Characteristics of Porous Media Volumetric water content 体积含水率 Gravimetric water content 质量含水率 Particle density 固体密度 Bulk density 容重 Degree of saturation/Wetness 饱和度 Definitions for those? SEE EXAMPLE 6-2 Capillarity 毛管力 Tension A B Potential/Pressure head Water flow in soils occurs in response to a gradient in potential/pressure head. Flow direction is parallel to the potential gradient. Potential at a point in the soil can be expressed as: Matric potential 基质势 Solute potential 溶质势 Pressure potential 压力势 Gravitational potential 重力势 Potentail (cm) A B C D E F Matric potential Solute potential Pressure potential Gravitational potential Exercise：One end of a U-shape soil tube was dipped in a water tank, and the water surface was stable. Suppose there was neither evaporation nor water flow in the soil，what are potentials for points A-F in the tube? A B C D E F 10cm 10cm 8cm 7cm 14cm Pressure-Water Content Relationship—— Moisture-Characteristic Curve土壤水分特征曲线 Soil water content/Soil moisture Desorption/Drying Sorption/We