英国历史精华课件.pptVIP

Changes of the Church The Virgin Queen She remained single throughout her life, and thus called “The Virgin Queen ” Her 45-year reign is considered one of the most glorious in English history. During this time, the arts flourished. Golden Age of English History England advanced in such areas as foreign trade, literature, and the arts. The age of exploration began: claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods. The American State, Virginia, is named after Queen Elizabeth. East India Company The Civil War (1642-1651) also called the Puritan Revolution, as the King’s opponents were mainly Puritans Cause: conflict between Parliament and the King, and also as a conflict between the economic interests of the urban middle class and the traditional economic interests of the Crown. Two parties: Royalists / Cavaliers vs Parliamentarians / Roundheads Consequences The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I in 1649, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England; The English Civil Wars not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of feudal rule in Europe; It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. The beginning of the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament. Restoration and Glorious Revolution Restoration: Charles II was invited to return from his exile in France as the King in 1661. In 1665, his brother James II succeeded the throne, but he was not accepted by the bourgeoisie. Glorious Revolution: William of Orange, James II’s Dutch nephew and husband of Mary, James II’s daughter, was invited to take the English throne for joint rule in 1688. Bourgeois Revolution in the 17th Century The Bill of Rights of 1689 In 1689, William and Mary accepted