基于GIS的海口市滨海旅游区土地利用的生态环境效应分析-自然地理学专业论文.docxVIP

built-land expands toward the southwest with 1.84km; which of forested land retreats toward the southwest with 7.55km, which of farmland shifts toward the east with 1.38km, which of wetland landscape shifts to the northeast with only 0.4km, which of water landscape shifts to the southeast about 3.66km, which of unutilized land shifts to the northeast with 2.16km. According to Markov prediction, in the next 20 years or so, the area of forested land, farmland, wetland and unutilized land will continue to decline, whose area will be 2489.47 hm2, 21474.88 hm2, 1233.37 hm2, 756.10 hm2 in 2029, built-land will continue to increase to 24605.34 hm2 and water slowly increase to 10870.14 hm2. The variation range of each land use types in the study area is the largest between 2008 and 2015, and the variation range will be weaking in next years after 2015. The eco-environmental comprehensive effect index of this study area is 0.582 in 2008, its ecological environment is in general state and ecosystem service functions have been degraded. Forested land and wetland environment is in a ideal state, water ecosystem in good condition, farmland ecological environment in a general state, ecological environment of unutilized land is in a poor state, the ecological environment of built-land in a poorest state. Keywords: the coastal tourist areas in Haikou City, remote sensing and GIS, land use and cover change (LUCC), trend forecast, eco-environmental effects IV 1.1 研究背景、目的与意义 第一章 绪论 滨海旅游区是指发生在滨海地带和近海水域的所有与旅游、休闲以及游憩相关活动 的区域[1-4]。该区域处于海陆两大生态系统类型的交界处，是海洋生态系统和陆地生态 系统的接合部，是海陆过渡带或是海陆交错带，同时也是生态脆弱区[5,6]。滨海地带良好 的生态环境不仅作为生态屏障对海岸起到保护作用，同时滨海地区区位良好、气候适宜， 是人类活动频繁地带。但是，随着滨海旅游业的发展，城市化进程的加快，不合理的开 发建设和土地利用导致生态环境的破坏及景观特色的丧失，其最直观的表现就是该区域 土地利用/覆被变化[7-13]。 海口市滨海旅游区从狭义的角度主要是指西起盈滨半岛东至东寨港的整个海口市 滨海地带。主要是指西部滨海休闲娱乐度假区、中部滨海综合商务旅游区和东部滨海自 然生态度假区（海口市旅游发展总体规划），其主要包括：金沙湾旅游度假区、长流商 务会展休闲区、西海岸休闲娱乐区、世纪海岸时尚休闲区、海口老街文化旅游区、海甸 岛艺术文化休闲区、新埠岛宜居休闲度假区、南渡江景观休憩带、东海岸水城旅游度假 区、桂林洋养生度假区、铺前海底村庄生态度假区及东寨港生态观光旅游区等景区①。 该区域虽然区位优势明显、环境优美，但是自然和