第12章 面向对象实现 2 12.1 程序设计语言12.2 程序都设计风格12.3 测试策略12.4 设计测试用例12.5 小结.pptVIP

* * 测试面向对象软件时，不能再孤立地测试单个操作，而应该把操作作为类的一部分来测试。例如，假设有一个类层次，操作X在超类中定义并被一组子类继承，每个子类都使用操作X，但是，X调用子类中定义的操作并处理子类的私有属性。由于在不同的子类中使用操作X的环境有微妙的差别，因此有必要在每个子类的语境中测试操作X。这就说明，当测试面向对象软件时，传统的单元测试方法是不适用的，不能再在“真空”中（即孤立地）测试单个操作。 * * * * * * * * * * * 基于使用的测试（use based testing): 首先测试独立类(几乎不使用其它类的类)，再测试使用独立类的下一个层次的类（称为依赖类）。据此依赖关系持续下去，直至把整个软件系统构造完为止。 * 图中箭头方向代表消息的传递方向，箭头线上的标注给出了作为由消息所蕴含的协作的结果而调用的操作。 * 这些操作符向服务器类实例发送消息。 * * * 图12.4给出了前面讨论过的account类的状态图，从图可见，初始转换经过了empty acct和setup acct这两个状态，而类实例的大多数行为发生在working acct状态中，最终的withdraw和close使得account类分别向nonworking acct状态和dead acct状态转换。 * ，也就是说，操作序列应该使得account类实例遍历所有允许的状态转换 * * * See and show file CAseTools.xls * VERILOG, founded in 1984, subsidiary of Compagnie des Signaux (CS), develops and distributes software and system engineering tools. VERILOG is represented worldwide by its distributors and seven offices (see How to contact VERILOG). Now subsidiary of Swedish Telelogic AB: White box automatical logical coverage with graphical display. 标准UNIX调试工具DBX已经做了扩充，可用于调试C++程序; text mode/vt100 Visual studio, Delphi etc. for debugging. * 2 leaders of CASE Rational and mercury Web linked to HP; 2006 HP buys Mercury for $4.5Billion, core tech is TEST * IBM? Rational? Quality Management solutions? Make confident go/no go decisions with: Single integrated software quality management platform for improved reliability, predictability and team efficiency across the software lifecycle Superior functional testing with test automation and data sharing for streamlined, efficient test execution Integrated traceability of business, functional requirements, use cases, for accurate test case planning More thorough performance testing both pre and post deployment for reduced system downtime Integrated web application security and compliance testing At Rational we understand that it takes a combination of automated testing and manual testing coupled with good test management and best practices to be successful. Citrix: application delivery leader (make appli