2019年中考英语二轮复习第二篇语法突破篇语法专题八动词的时态和语态课件新版人教新目标版.ppt

(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事,关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。 I saw the movie yesterday. 昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的) I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了) (4)延续性动词 在现在完成时中,如果有表示持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。 I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought) I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to) 常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词: ①have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.→have been in sp. ②have become →have been ③have got up →have been up ④have died →　　　　　　　　　　　　　? ⑤have left sp. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　? ⑥have fallen asleep/gone to sleep →have been asleep ⑦have finished/ended/completed →　　　　　　　　　　　　　? ⑧have married →have been married have been dead have been away from sp. have been over ⑨have begun →　　　　　　　　　　　　　? ⑩have borrowed→　　　　　　　　　　　　　? ?have bought →have had ?have caught/got a cold →have had a cold ?have got to know →have known ?have joined the League/the Party/the army→have been a member of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Party/the army have been on have kept (5)have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别: have been to表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已经去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“已经在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。 —Where is Mrs. Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿? —She isn’t here. She has gone to England. 她不在这儿。她去了英格兰。 考点八　过去完成时 1.结构:had+动词的过去分词 2.用法: (1)表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。 常以by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句作为前提。 My teacher said she had never been to London. 我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。 When the police arrived, the thieves 　　　　　　　　　　. ? 当警察到达时,小偷们已经逃跑了。 had run away (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现在完成时一样,过去完成时也常与 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 When Jack arrived, he learned Mary 　　　　　　　　　　for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时,他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。 had been away 结构:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (1)一般现在时的被动语态: am/is/are+动词的过去分词 (2)一般过去时的被动语态: was/were+动词的过去分词 (3)一般将来时的被动语态: