流行病学调查的基本方法.pptVIP

* 411 cases met the case definition. The main signs and symptoms reflected systemic illness. 69% of cases had a high fever, 55% a dry throat and 21% a nonproductive cough. These were usual symptoms of paratyphoid fever. Consider stating the common symptoms of paratyphoid fever first and then pointing out the unusual symptoms. Is last sentence needed? Why are only certain symptoms mentioned (and written in a different color?) * Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A was identified in 24% of the 173 blood specimens and 7% of the 61 stool specimens examined. * * In this diagram the Black triangles represent the true cases of the disease in which we are interested. The orange dots represent other diseases or conditions that could be confused with our disease of Interest. A good case definition will separate our disease of interest from other diseases or conditions. However, we rarely or never get a perfect case definition that completely segregates true cases from non-cases. One way to handle this is to divide the range into different levels. Each level has additional restrictive criteria used in the case definition. Thus each level will exclude more and more of the other conditions and include less and less of the real cases. * Our case definition was any boarding school student or employee having onset of fever (≥37.5°C), and headache, dry throat, nonproductive cough or diarrhea, between Nov. 9—Dec.25, 2004. * To search for cases, we reviewed clinical records in the school clinic, village clinic, and township hospital. We also reviewed the daily temperature readings, signs, and symptoms of students and employees, all of whom had been examined by school doctors, and discussed potential risk factors with them. If we found a suspect case, we also collected blood and stool specimens for culture. * Water was highly suspect because of the heavy rain and the failure to provide boiled water. Also teachers always boiled their drinking water. This slide shows t