交往与参与——居民参与的社区营造时模式探讨.docxVIP

中文摘要随着我国住宅建设的迅速发展，居住环境有了显著改善，但邻里交往淡漠的 中文摘要 随着我国住宅建设的迅速发展，居住环境有了显著改善，但邻里交往淡漠的 现象以及由此引发的问题却日益突出，已经引起建筑与规划界的普遍重视。居民 参与社区建设和营造是解决我国当代居住社区邻里交往缺失的途径之一。传统的 至上而下的规划和设计模式中，建筑师与规划师以其自身的理念与价值观作为制 定与判断居住区空间形成和发展的依据，而没有使用者的出席，这阻碍了居民对 于居住地进一步的认同感与归属感，因此无法形成通过自发活动建立发生交往的 社会网络。现代意义上的居民参与思想始于二十世纪初，早期主要面对早期主要 是生态环境保护运动相关问题，后来不断扩展，在住区与住宅建设方面国外已有 许多相关理论与试验项目，在我国也有了一些尝试。 面对各种不同模式的居民参与经验，结合我国现阶段的实际情况，可见倡导 居住空间形成后的居民参与更具可行性和可操作性。这种居民参与的方式允许使 用者对其生活的环境加以调整或改造，进行再设计和再建造使居民对居住环境的 营造做出自己的贡献。居住者将个人的特征在参与中融入到居住环境中去，形成 独特的社区文化，居民对居住空间的认同和归属感也在这个过程中逐渐深化。在 这种模式中，建筑师的任务便是在设计时为居民的参与活动留出空间。留出空间 并不简单等同于设计上的空白，相反，建筑师应通过设计手段引导和启发居民进 行参与活动，在参与的同时促使居住区社会网络的形成与成熟，达到改善居住区 人际关系的最终目的。 关键字：邻里交往、居民参与、边界空间、引导、启发 The The environment of living community has been improved along with rapid development of dwelling houses’construction，but the absence of communication between neighbors and the problems brought up by that were becoming more and mOl l serious，which have aroused the great attention．In traditional design and plan mode architects and planners make their estimate of forming and developing of living community on their own ideation and value judgments without the presence of users， which would block the further acceptance of the habitants and the forming of their feeling of attaching to the living community,which leads to the lost of the sociality·meshwork for communication which could be build up by voluntary activity． The thinking of user participation in modem word came fonll in the early of 1 900s， which Was related to the ecological environment protection at the beginning，and then has spread widely．As for the user participation in the construction of living community and dwelling houses，many theories and practice projects have been carded out in foreign countries and there file also some experiments in China． Considering the realistic situation in China and by judging the practice of different kinds of user participation，we could see that that kind of user participation which takes after the const