十八世纪启蒙时期英国文学.ppt

诗中第一人称的声音说伦敦正像一所监狱，悲惨景象遍布全城，在每种声音中他都能听到生成于某种思想而又反过来禁锢思想的镣铐。但现实的惨状也是可以幻见到的。当他声称在每一张脸上都看见邪恶与悲苦的标记时．他其实影射了《圣经》中上帝所做过的事情。亚当与夏娃的长子该隐将其兄弟杀死，上帝写在他身上做了印记，标示其罪恶，后来该隐成为人类首座城市的建造者，因此城市从诞生时起就与罪恶有关。从道德寓意上讲，城市文明中的人们都与某种罪恶相关联，都主动或被动地卷人抑制生命力的过程中，此为该诗深刻的一面。 Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯 (1759—1796) “A Red, Red Rose” “Auld Lang Syne” 罗伯特·彭斯在英国文学史上占有特殊重要的地位，他复活并丰富了苏格兰民歌；他的诗歌富有音乐性，可以歌唱。 彭斯生于苏格兰民族面临被异族征服的时代，因此，他的诗歌充满了激进的民主、自由的思想。诗人生活在破产的农村，和贫苦的农民血肉相连。他的诗歌歌颂了故国家乡的秀美，抒写了劳动者纯朴的友谊和爱情。《苏格兰人》歌颂反抗英国侵略的民族英雄，号召人民起来争取自由；《两只狗》揭露地主阶级的荒淫无耻；《威利长老的祈祷》讥讽牧师的伪善。著名的抒情诗有《一朵红红的玫瑰》，《高原玛丽》，《往昔的时光》等。 1. Robert Burns is one of the greatest song writers in the world. He is the national poet of Scotland. Most of his poems and songs were written in Scottish dialect, drawing his inspiration from the treasury of Scottish folklore. These songs speak straight from the heart of a plowman to express in simplest words the common feelings of millions of working people. 2. He was a plowman 把犁人／农夫 . He came from the people and wrote for the people. He was the people’s poet. So in his poetry he glorifies a natural man—a healthy, joyous and clever Scottish peasant. The poetry of Burns: Robert Burnss poetry falls into several groups according to the subject matters: Most of Burns s poems are lyrics on love and friendship, which describe the poet’s own emotions with such vividness and simplicity that they appeal directly to the reader’s heart. They are very musical and can be sung. His best known lyrics are John Anderson, My Jo, A Red, Red Rose, 《一朵红红的玫瑰》and “Auld Lang Syne”《友谊地久天长》 some poems express his hatred for the oppression of the ruling class and his love for freedom. A best-known poem of this kind is A Mans A Man for AThat 《人总是人，不管那一切》发表于1779年，英国统治阶级极度恐惧和仇视爆发不久的法国革命，一面组织反法联军，一面加紧镇压国内的民主运动。彭斯不顾当局对民主势力的迫害，写成此诗，宣传自由、平等、博爱等资产阶级革命时期的进步思想。他成功地运用for a that等迭句，使诗歌充满反抗、嘲笑等豪放气魄。 3). some patriotic poems, express his deep love for his motherland, such as My Hearts in the Highlands. 4). some verse-ta