动词时态和语态经典课件.pptxVIP

助动词类; 考点一：动词的时态 英语中动词的时态变化根据时间分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来；根据动作方式分为一般、进行、完成和完成进行，两种分类结合便产生了16种时态。 下面以do为例，将16种时态的构成形式列表如下：;巧学妙记：;1．时态的一般体 (1)一般现在时(do，does) ①一般现在时表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或状态，常和表重复性的时间状语always，usually，often等连用。如： We have meals three times a day. 我们一日三餐。(现在的习惯) He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态);②一般现在时还可表示客观真理、科学事实。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 ③一般现在时还可用在if，unless引导的状语从句中；由when，before，until(till)，as soon as，the moment，once引导的时间状语从句中；由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however引导的让步状语从句中。这时主句往往表示将来(出现will/shall/can/must)或主句是祈使句。如：;Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. —Can I join in your club，Dad? —You can when you get a bit older. If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will often see advertisements showing happy families. Dont try to run before you begin to walk. Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.;(2)一般过去时(did) ①一般过去时主要用来表示过去某个时间完成的动作或一度存在的状态，常跟一个表示过去的时间状语连用，如：then，yesterday，the other day等。有时省去时间状语，但从上下文语境当中能体会出被省略的部分。 语境中的一般过去时往往表示“刚才，在过去”，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如：;—Come in, Peter. I want to show you something. —Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. —Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. —Its 9568442. —Nancy is not coming tonight. —But she promised.;②一般过去时还可以表示过去一段时间经常反复发生的行为或习惯性动作，往往与used to，would等连用。 When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer. 小时候，每年夏天我们都要去游泳。;③在时间、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，要用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如： He promised that if his son got a full mark in the next exam he would buy him a new MP4 player. 他答应他儿子如果他在下次考试中得满分，他就给他买一个新MP4。;④两个或两个以上在过去接连发生的动作用and连接时，要用一般过去时。如： He got up and dressed quickly. 他起床了并很快穿好了衣服。;⑤叙述某一动作或状态在过去持续了一段时间后终止或在过去某段时间发生了若干次时用一般过去时。如： Mary worked in this factory for 5 years. 玛丽在这家工厂工作过5年。 I went to Beijing 3 times last year. 去年我去过北京