基因技术的专利保护-法律·民商法专业论文.docxVIP

f：海人学碗L学位论文摘 f：海人学碗L学位论文 摘 要 虽然基因技术的诞生至今不足40年，但已日臻完善。基因技术的出现， 使人类跨进了按照自己的意愿创建新生物的伟大时代，目前，基因技术已在工 业、农业、医学和环境保护等各个领域中发挥了巨大的作用，显示了巨大的经 济效益和社会效益。正是因为基因技术的应用会带来巨大的经济效益，引起了 世界各国竞相投入人力、物力研究和开发基因技术，并对其申请专利保护，在 实践中各国也纷纷建立了自己的基因技术专利制度。但一项专利申请只有在既 属于专利主题范围，又符合专利“新颖性”、“创造性”、“实用性”三性的情况 下才能依照法定程序获得专利保护。 由于专利法的历史基础是机械和化工技术，而基因技术与两者存在较大差 异，难以被现在的专利法概念所涵盖，因此，基因技术对专利制度提出了诸多 挑战，如基因技术是发明还是发现?如果是发现，是否具有可专利性，可否受 专利保护?如何处理基因技术专利保护与公共秩序或道德的关系?对于基因技 术，现在的专利性要求能否达到防范专利滥用的目的?如果不能，基因技术应 满足的是何种专利性条件?这些问题将对基因技术产业产生什么样的影响?本 文就是将这些问题作一理论分析，通过借鉴国外在基因技术专利保护上的成功 的立法和判例，同时结合我国在基因技术产业的实践情况，对我国基因技术专 利保护的有关法律法规进行评析或提出立法建议，以期使我国基因技术专利保 护更加完善、合理。 关键词：基因技术专利保护专利性立法对策 『一海人学碗卜学位论文ABSTRACT 『一海人学碗卜学位论文 ABSTRACT Although genetic technology was bom not more than forty years，it has perfected gradually．The appearance of genetic technology makes human being to a great time that people can create a new organism at his own will．At present，genetic technology has had an effect on the fields of industry,agnculture，medicine and environment protection etc．，which shows great economic benefit and societal advantage．Just because the application of genetic technology will bring great economic benefit，S0 every country tries to put in manpower and material resources for RD of genetic technology,and seeks protection from patent．In practice，many countries have established genetic technology’s P atent system．B ut if an invention wants to be patented by legal procedure，it must belong to patentable subject matter and satisfy substantial requirements for patent，nanlely’“utility’，‘novelty’，and “inventive step”． Genetic technology is hard to be all included by concepts in today’s patent law, as patent law based on machine and chemical engineering which genetic technology is great different from．As result，genetic technology challenges patent system deeply Such as，genetic technology is invention or discovery?If genetic technology is discovery,then whether discoveries are patentable subject matter or patent law Can protect them?How will we