华北平原小麦和玉米生产中施肥的能量效率-植物营养学专业论文.docxVIP

箍要通过在北寂市海淀睡避{亍鲍4年7季的冬4、麦一复玉米轮终氮肥忧佬试验及昌平区13年靛冬 箍要 通过在北寂市海淀睡避{亍鲍4年7季的冬4、麦一复玉米轮终氮肥忧佬试验及昌平区13年靛冬 小麦一夏玉米一春玉米轮作施肥长期定位试验，研究冬小麦一疑玉米轮作中优化施氮和传统旋氮条 件F氮肥施用的能量效率及冬小麦一夏玉米一春玉米轮作中长期施用化肥和寿机肥的能囊效率。 能羹效率主要出净能繁产出和净能量产投沈来反缺。主要结果如下： 在冬小麦一夏玉米轮作中，基于土壤年¨植株测试的优化施氨，与传统施氮处理相比大大降低 了氨l￡蠲量，箕氮l墨藏耀静净麓爨产蹬在3季冬小麦上分鬟为31．1、26。4帮56 0 GJthm～，丽传 统施氮处理的净能量产出在3季餐小麦上分别为23．3、19，6和43．6 oJ·hm～，二者差异不显著： 蔼优纯旌氮处理氮肥藏矧的净糍燕产投魄在其中嚣令年度上显著裹予传统燕氮处理。褒4季夏玉 米上优化施氮和传统施氮处理氮肥施用的净能量产出与净能量产投比差异均不显著。 在冬小麦-·夏玉米一舂玉米轮作中，姆季赢量藏入氮肥(N 270 k黛-hm。2)的较离能鬃投入在3 种作物上均采带来相应商的净能鬣产出；两适量施氮(每季作物N 135 kg·hm2)获得了较高的净 能量产出和净能量产投比：同样．该轮作体系中适爆施磷处理(P20s 67．5 kg-hmo-a。)比高磷处 理(P20s 135 kg-hm-La-‘)的净糍鬃产出耧净麓量产授跑均受离；钾愁施箱的能燕效率表现为春玉 米受玉米冬小麦，且较大程度地受到气候年型的影响。 在冬，j、麦一夏玉米一毒玉米轮传中，不整氯、磷袋蕈戆掇、磷憨黥条舞下，麓瑶蠢撬耱的洚 能量产出和净能量产投比高于氮、磷配施或氯、磷、钾配施时。在连续8季的冬小麦中．不施氮、 磷或举旋氯、磷肥的条{串_F施用窍机肥的净髓量产出积净能餐产投毙随时间的延长焉增趣，表瑷 出累积效应。 关穗谪：净能餐产出，净链量产投眈，优纯麓氯，纯耱，寄机肥 AbstractA Abstract A four-year N fertilization experiment with winter wheat--summer maize rotation and a long-term fertilization experiment with winter wheat-··summer maize—spring maize rotation were conduced in BoOing suburb tO study the effect of mineral and organic fertilizer application On energy efficiency．The parameters“net energy OUtpUtand“the ratio ofnet energy output and input’’were used to express the energy efficiency．The main results are followed： In winter wheat--summer maize rotation system，the net energy output by N fertilization in the optimized N fertilization台eatmenL which iS hased on soil N—test and plant tissue nitrate test,was same as that in the conventional N fertilization treatments．but N rate was less than one third of the conventional N fertilization treatments．In continuous three winter wheat growing seasons，the net energy output by N fertilization in the optimized N fertilization treatment Was 31．1．26。4 and 56．0 Gj·hm一，respectively,and疆the conventional N fertilizafion treatments。{t was 23．3、{9．6 and 43．6 GJ·hm’7，respectively+In four summer maize seasons，there Was nO significance the difference of the energy efficie