肌学总论、头站颈肌、躯干肌.ppt

总论 一、骨骼肌的形态和构造 二 肌的起止、配布、作用 三、肌的分部和命名 肌的辅助结构 2、深筋膜deep fascia： 腱鞘 tendinous sheath: 头 肌 可分为面肌和咀嚼肌 （一） 面肌 facial muscles 又称 表情肌：主要分布于面部裂孔周围，呈环状和放射状分布。大体可分为四群： 颅顶肌 epicranius：枕额肌：枕腹、额腹 、帽状腱膜 眼轮匝肌 orbicularis oculi：使睑裂闭合 口周围肌 orbicularis oris：口轮匝肌、提上唇肌 提口角肌、降下唇肌、降口角肌、 颊肌 鼻肌 nasalis Facial muscles 面肌 The muscles of neck颈肌 一、颈浅层肌和颈外侧肌 1. Platysma 颈阔肌，菲薄的皮肌，起自胸大肌和三角肌的筋膜，向内上止于口角。可拉口角向下。 2. Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌 origin: Anterior surface of manubrium and sternal end of clavical insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Acton: one side acting alone, draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both sides together, draw head directly backward 颈前肌 1.舌骨上肌群 Suprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌 Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌 Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌 颈前肌 2.舌骨下肌群Infrahyoid muscle Sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌 Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌 Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌 Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌 --下降舌骨和喉. Muscles of the neck 颈深肌群Deep group 位于脊柱颈部两侧和前方。 Lateral Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌 Scalenus medius 中斜角肌 Scalenus posterior 后斜角肌 Medial longus capitis 头长肌 longus colli 颈长肌 一侧肌收缩,使颈侧屈;两侧肌同时收缩可上提第1、2肋助吸气. Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙 Boundaries first rib scalenus anterior and medius Structures passing through scalene fissure brachial plexus 臂丛 subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉 Muscles of trunk 躯干肌 Muscles of back背肌 Muscles of thorax胸肌 Diaphragm膈 Muscles of abdomen腹肌 muscles of perineum会阴肌 The Muscles of Back 浅层Superficial group 斜方肌Trapezius 肩胛提肌Levator scapulae 菱形肌 Rhomboideus 背阔肌Latissimus dorsi 深层 deep group Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Splenius 夹肌 The Muscles of Back Deep group Splenius 夹肌 Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Position: fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine Action: both sides together extends vertebral column and head. acting along, flex the vertebral column laterally. Major Muscles of Back Trapezius 斜方肌 Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous pro