药科大生物药剂亮学第八章单室模型.ppt

* * ? 1. One compartment The drug in the blood is in rapid equilibrium with drug in the extravascular tissues. The drug concentration may not be equal in each tissue or fluid however we will assume that they are proportional to the concentration of drug in the blood at all times. This is not an exact representation however it is useful for a number of drugs to a reasonable approximation. 2. Rapid Mixing We also need to assume that the drug is mixed instantaneously in blood or plasma. The actual time taken for mixing is usually very short, within a few of minutes, and in comparison with normal sampling times it is insignificant. We usually dont sample fast enough to see drug mixing in the blood. 3. Linear Model We will assume that drug elimination follows first order kinetics. First order kinetics means that the rate of change of drug concentration by any process is directly proportional to the drug concentration remaining to undertake that process. Remember first order kinetics is an assumption of a linear model not a one compartment model. If we have a linear if we double the dose, the concentration will double at each time point. 4. It is necessary to stress that the drug concentration may not be equal in each tissue or fluid. It also generally assumes that the elimination (ie, metabolism and excretion) is governed by first-order kinetics. * Since the caternary model does not apply to the way most functional organs in the body are directly connected to the plasma, it is not used as often as the mammilary model. * Some fundamental difference between compartment model and physiological model are presented here. In compartment model, static volume and first-order elimination are assumed. In the compartment model, the compartments do not necessarily reflect functional entities of the organism while in the physiological model each compartment corresponds well to a well defined structure or organ interconnected by blood flow, lymph flow or other real life mate