1 钱七虎-冲击等地压论坛.pptxVIP

岩爆、冲击地压的定义、机理、分类及其定量预测模型;主要内容 ;1 研究背景;发生在美国大西洋矿井和南非卡尔顿金矿中的岩爆;二郎山隧道中发生的岩爆（埋深760米）;锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞内发生的岩爆（埋深2250米）;岩爆严重威胁着施工人员的安全，造成了巨大的经济损失。;2 岩爆的机理和定义;2 岩爆的机理和定义;D.E.Gill： Two broad classes rockbursts: i) Type Ⅰ rockburst, resulting from fault-slip events; ii) Type Ⅱ rockburst, resulting from the failure of the rock. Stacey, Linkov, Salamon： From this definition of rockburst and according to main mechanism, the generalized rockburst can be divided into the first type, commonly to as strain burst, resulted from volume instabilities （failure）and the second type, resulted from contact (shear) instabilities, or fault slip or shear rupture or Stick-slip type, included in Russia and China referred to as pressure bump (especially coal bump) and in South Africa referred to as mine tremors.;Stacey： The main difference of these two type of dynamic failures is in first type the disturbances source (excavation) and resulting rockburst damage are coincident; and in second type the dynamic disturbance source and resulting rockburst damage may be separated by a substantial distance. Salamon： The large majority of seismic events in hard rock mines belongs to the family of shear instability.;Gane et al, Ryder : The accumulated evidences convey the conclusion that among South African mine tremors shear failures, possibly Stick-slip type slides along preexisting planar or near planar discontinuities or fresh fractures, play a dominant role. Stacey： The energy associated with rupture type rockburst will usually be much greater than that associated with strain burst. Rockburst damage resulting from rupture type events is usually far more extensive than in strain burst events, in a mining environment it is not uncommon for many tens or even hundreds of meters of tunnels to be damaged in a single event.;Tjong Kie Tan and A.M. Linkov: For pressure bump, surrounding rock are accumulatively fractured by mining excavations, after fracture the fragmented surrounding rock is in quasi-stable equilibr