基行因作图.pptVIP

Physical map (物理图谱) Somatic-Cell Hybridization Somatic-Cell Hybridization Using human-rodent somatic cell hybrids to study the location of genes on chromosomes Somatic-Cell Hybridization How can we determine which chromosome carries a specific gene? In human-mouse hybrid cells, a 1:1 correspondence exists between the presence of the enzymatic activity for the gene and the presence of the chromosome carrying the gene. Somatic-Cell Hybridization How can we determine which portion of a chromosome carries a specific gene? If the enzymatic activity is present in a cell line with an intact (完整的) chromosome but missing from a line with a deletion in that chromosome, the gene for the enzyme is in the deleted region. Physical maps at NCBI （1）There are two main types of maps used in genetics, including physical map (物理图谱) and genetic map （遗传图谱）. （2）Physical maps define the physical distance between point A and point B on a chromosome. The unit used is Megabase (Mb), or millions of bases. The lowest resolution physical maps are the chromosomal maps, based on the banding patterns seen through a microscope. （3）More detailed maps are made by breaking the chromosomes into small pieces by bombarding them with radiation. If A and B end up in the same fragment, they are probably close to each other. （4）The most detailed physical map is the complete sequencing of the genome. This means that you know exactly the sequence of bases in the whole chromosomes (you get huge huge documents with text composed of A C G and T). * Three main methods: (1) Somatic-Cell Hybridization (2) FISH (fluoresence in situ hybridization) (3) Sequencing There are two main types of maps used in genetics, including genetic map （遗传图谱） and physical map (物理图谱). Somatic cell hybrids contain some but not all human chromosomes. These cell lines are generated by fusing human cells and rodent cells using agents such as polyethylene glycol or Sendai virus. After fusion, a subset of the human chromoso