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Microbiology 2. Bacteria Most bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. They grow in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, seawater, and deep in the Earths crust. There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells in the human body, with large numbers of bacteria on the skin and in the digestive tract. A few are beneficial, some are pathogenic bacteria and cause infectious diseases. capsule(荚膜):protection against phagocytosis and desiccation，help attachment of bacteria to other cells or surfaces，composed of polysaccharides and so