茄子及万桃花之种间杂交.DOC

茄子及萬桃花之種間雜交 Interspecific hybridization between eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and the related wild species Solanum torvum Sw. 研究生：魏毓真 Wei, Yu-Chen 指導教授：金石文 Chin, Shih-Wen 【摘要】 茄子(Solanum melongena L.)為重要的蔬菜作物，在栽培上影響最大的為土生性病害，其中以真菌性以及細菌性萎凋病和線蟲最為嚴重。許多野生種具有良好的抗病蟲害特性，其中，茄子之野生種萬桃花(Solanum torvum Sw.)，被證實具有良好之抗土生性病害及其他生物、非生物之逆境。本試驗之主要目的為利用茄子與野生種萬桃花之雜交育種，來獲得種間雜種，使其增加具有潛力及特性之基因組，並可使茄子之育種資源更加的多元且豐富。本研究包含了授粉、受精之觀察以及種間雜種之性狀調查兩部分，在授粉、受精之觀察中，利用紫娘及白茄當母本，萬桃花當父本，來進行雜交授粉，結果顯示，雜交之親和性除了品種之間的差異外，還存在著單株對單株間的差異，而導致親合性的不同。在種間雜種之性狀調查中，本研究共獲得21株單株，其中雜交種P1×T A-2、P24xT B-1、W10xT C-1、W10xT D-1及W10xT G-2其形態特徵都介於兩親本之間，其中葉片型態、花序的類型、刺的位置都相似於父本萬桃花，而花朵的顏色則是相似於母本茄子。在花粉活力中，親本紫娘、白茄、萬桃花之花粉活力均達98％以上，而這5株雜交種之花粉活力介於0~9.8％，並以GOT同功異構酶電泳分析鑑定雜交種，顯示雜交種皆具有父母本之條帶。 關鍵字：茄子、萬桃花、種間雜交。 【Abstract】 Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important vegetables in the word. In the cultivation the most severe soil-borne diseases affecting eggplant are fungal wilts, bacterial wilts and root-knot nematodes. Several eggplant related species have been reported to be a source of resistance to several pests and diseases. The wild species S. torvum has been evaluated as a valuable source for resistance to soil borne diseases as well as other biotic and abiotic factors. The objective of this study is to determine the crossability relationship between eggplant (S. melongena) and S. torvum. Hand pollination was performed and fertilization event and the characteristics of interspecific hybrids were investigated. The eggplant cultivars ‘Purple Bride’ and ‘Pai Chieh’ were used as the female parent and S. torvum used as the male parent. In pollination studies, the interspecific compatibility was not only due to different cultivars but also individual combinations. A total of 21 seedling were obtained after interspecific hybridization, in the combinations ‘Purple Bride’× S. torvum and ‘Pai Chieh’ × S. torvum. Among the 5 seedlings, which were obtained from the combinations P1xT A-2, P24xT B-1, W10xT C-1, W10xT D-1 and