第二章细胞第三节细胞电活动.pptVIP

空间常数(space constant, λ)：从刺激部位至膜电紧张电位衰减至最大值的37%处的空间距离。 时间常数(time contant, τ)：电紧张电位上升或下降达稳态值的63%所需的时间。 膜电容(Cm): 1μF/cm2 膜电阻(Rm) : 103Ω 电紧张电位： 由膜的被动电学特性决定的，具有一定空间和时间分布特征的膜电位。 (仅反映外加电流的膜电位变化) 特征： ① 等级性，即非“全或无”的；一定范围，电位幅度与刺激强度成正相关； ② 衰减性（或递减性、或电紧张性）传导； ③ 无不应期，可发生叠加或总和（时间与空间总和）。 2.局部电位（local potential，LP） =电紧张电位+主动反应电位 ①局部兴奋（去极化LP） ②局部抑制（超极化LP） ③特征：同电紧张电位 Review 1.Concepts： response excitation stimulus threshold intensity threshold stimulus simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport secondary active transport polarization depolarization hyperpolarization MP, RP， AP， TP electrotonic potential local potential excitability 2. Questions: 1) What is the difference between the simple and facilitated diffusion? 2) Discribe the mechanism，characteristics and significance of the primary active transport, and give an example. 3) How are the Na+ and K+ transported to pass through the cell membrane? 4) Explain the mechanism of the secondary active transport, and give an example. 5) Discribe the mechanism of resting potential (RP) genesis in nerve fiber, and prove that. 6) Discribe the mechanism, characteristics and significance of action potential (AP) genesis in nerve fiber, and provide evidences for the mechanism of it. 7) Discribe the mechanism and characteristics of local potential. 8) Discribe the principle and characteristics of excitation conduction. 9) When an nerve fiber undergoes whole process of an excitation, What are changes of its excitability? How to prove that of it? 10) What are indexes of evaluating excitability? And how to judge excitability with them? 膜上的K+通道开放，GK??K+在外向电-化学驱动力 (+120mV/最大超射值时)作用下外流（?外向电流）?膜复极，MP??RP (?EK)。 （3）Na泵主动转运 膜内Na+?、膜外K+??激活Na泵? 逆浓度差/耗能?泵