黔中安顺屯堡聚落防御体系研究-西部人居环境学刊.PDF

2018年第4期 / 西部人居环境学刊 / 091 ◎传统聚落与人居环境 DOI: 10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest DOI: 10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest 周政旭, 胡雅琪, 郭灏. 黔中安顺屯堡聚落防御体系研究[J]. 西部人居环境学刊, 2018, 33(04): 91-99. 黔中安顺屯堡聚落防御体系研究* Research on the Spatial Defense System of Anshun Tunpu, Central Guizhou 周政旭 胡雅琪 郭 灏 ZHOU Zhengxu, HU Yaqi, GUO Hao 摘 要 最初的安顺屯堡是明初“调北征 Abstract: The original Tunpu of Anshun is the outcome of a series of military policies in early 南”的军事产物，经过了明清六百年的发展， Ming dynasty. In the 600 years’ development and evolution, current Tunpu region is gradually 广泛的屯堡区域逐渐形成。无论是初期的官 formed. Owing to complexity and instability of the surrounding situation and the wars,  方戍守还是后期的村落自保，由于周边形势 defensiveness has become an important factor in the construction of Tunpu settlements all the 的复杂不稳定与战乱的多发，防御性一直是 time. In this paper, it focuses on the defense system of Tunpu settlements in Anshun through 屯堡聚落营建的重要考量因素。本文通过对 field survey on tens of villages. Firstly, it makes an analysis on defensiveness of different 数十个屯堡聚落的踏勘以及对典型聚落的 settlements in the perspective of fi eld selection. Secondly, this paper discusses several defensive  调研测绘，对安顺屯堡聚落防御体系进行了 factors, which contains mountains, rivers, walls and gates of villages, aisles, courtyards, 研究。首先从各类聚落的选址特点分析了聚 watchtowers, “Tun”, etc. Lastly, it analyzes the spatial patterns of defensive settlements from 落的防御性；其次详细论述了山水、寨墙寨 regional level to settlement level, then divides these Tunpu settlements into 4 typical types 门、巷道、院落民居、碉楼、“坉”等几种防 on the basis of the construction time and location selection. The types are following four: the 御要素；最后，从区域层面到聚落层面研究 barrack-like formed on site, the residence sited against danger and by the mountain and river, 分析了以防