自考 英语(一) 笔记 2.doc

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Text A Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes 本课主要单词 1. tax n. v. 税(款);对…征税 The government plans to increase taxes by 3 percent. (政府计划把税收增加三个百分点。) In Britain, tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily taxed. (在英国,烟草和酒类饮品的税收很高。) income tax(所得税) sales tax(销售税) import tax(进口税) housing and land tax(房地产税) VAT (value-added tax)(增值税) poll tax(人头税) tax-collector(税务员) tax-payer(纳税人) dodge tax(逃税,漏税) tax-free(免税的) 2. type n. 类型,种类,品种 v. 打字 No one knows why he doesn‘t like this type of work.(没有人知道他为什么不喜欢这种工作。) The manager asked Mary to type the letter again.(经理要玛丽把信重打一遍。) typewriter(打字机)typist(打字员) 3. salary n. 工资 v. (常用被动语态)给…发薪 salaried adj. 拿薪水的,领工资的 She was happy to know that she would get a promotion and an increase in salary.(得知她将得到提级和加薪,她很开心。) Don‘t worry about him, he will be salaried by a big company.(别为他担心,一家大公司会给他发薪水。) With his knowledge and experience he was bound to get a high-salaried post.(凭借他的知识和经验,他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。) salary和 wage的区别在于:salary是指为从事非体力劳动的人按月支付的薪水,wage则通常指为从事体力劳动的人按周支付的薪水。 4. earn v. 挣得;赢得,获得 He worked 14 hours a day in order that he could earn enough to support the family.(为了能挣足够的钱养家,他每天工作十四小时。) His sincerity earns him friends wherever he goes.(无论走到哪,他的真诚都能赢得朋友。) 5. percentage n. 百分比,百分率;比例,部分 percent / per cent n. 每百中,百分之… The percentage of university enrollment will be greatly increased this year.(今年,大学录取的百分比将大大提高。) About 70 percent of high school graduates in Nanjing will be enrolled by universities this year.(今年,南京的高中毕业生将有百分之七十被高校录取。) 6. vary vi. 变化,有不同 vt. 改变,使不同 Prices of fish vary from 70 cents a pound to one dollar a pound.(鱼的价格从七十美分到一美元一磅不等。) The weather in this area varies from hour to hour.(这儿的天气时刻有变化。) I didn‘t vary my plan at the last moment.(我在最后一刻没有改变我的计划。) 7. graduated adj.(税)累进的;刻度的 graduate v. n. 毕业;毕业生 graduation n. 毕业 As the federal government has a graduated income tax, the more you earn, the higher tax you have to pay. 因为联邦政府实行累进所得税,所以,你挣的越多,缴的所得税就越高。 A graduated glass will enable you to know how much water you have put into the vesse

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