西南地区水稻灌溉需水量变化规律-生态学杂志.PDFVIP

生态学杂志ChineseJournal of Ecology摇 2014,33(7):1895-1901 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 西南地区水稻灌溉需水量变化规律* ** 符摇 娜摇 刘小刚 摇 张摇 岩摇 杨启良 (昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500) 摘摇 要摇 研究作物需水变化规律是制订灌溉计划和水资源规划的重要依据。 本文基于西 南地区38个气象站点1951—2012 年逐日气象观测资料,根据FAO推荐的Penman鄄Monteith 公式计算水稻需水量,并分析了参考作物蒸散量分布及变化趋势、水稻生育期各阶段需水 量变异性及灌溉需求指数分布。 结果表明:近62 年来西南地区参考作物蒸散量随时间变 化不明显且随纬度增加而减少,各站点多年平均水稻生育期内参考作物蒸散量占到全年参 考作物蒸散量的47.6%;对水稻生育期需水量分析发现,分蘖和抽穗阶段为水稻生长需水 关键期,各阶段需水变化均为中等变异;西南地区水稻多年平均需水量、灌溉需水量和灌溉 需求指数分别为304.5 mm、76.9 mm和0.24,需求指数分布自西向东呈逐渐增大,但均低 于0.5,整体对灌溉依赖程度较低。 关键词摇 参考作物蒸散量;生育期需水量;净灌溉需水量;灌溉需求指数;西南地区;水稻 中图分类号摇 S275.3摇 文献标识码摇 A摇 文章编号摇 1000-4890(2014)7-1895-07 Variation pattern of rice irrigation water requirement in Southwest of China. FU Na,LIU ** Xiao鄄gang , ZHANG Yan, YANG Qi鄄liang (Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500, China). Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(7):1895-1901. Abstract:Crop water requirement is an important basis for irrigation scheduling and water resources planning. Basedonthedaily meteorologicaldatafrom38 stationsinSouthwestof China during 1951-2012,the rice water requirement was estimated by using FAO Penman鄄Monteith equation,andthechangeof referencecrop evapotranspirationtrendwasanalyzedforrice. Mean鄄 while,the variation of rice water requirement in the growth period and the spatial distribution characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration and irrigation requirement index for rice in Southwest of Chinawereanalyzed. Theresultsshowedthat inrecent62 years,t