高中英语句子成分与结构.ppt

Overview of Grammar 句子成分 句子成分: 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 宾语（object） 定语（attribute） 状语（adverbial） 补语（complement） （可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补） 表语（predicative） 同位语（appositive） 句子成分符号： 主语： —————— 谓语： ________ 宾语： 波浪线 定语： ( ) 状语： [ ] 宾补：〈 〉 表语： 双波浪线 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 Exercise: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isn’t at home is not true. 谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. （2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语， 要和表语一起作谓语。 We are students. Your idea sounds great. 表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 Exercise: Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one. His job is to teach English. His hobby（爱好）is playing football. The machine must be under repairs. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 如何辨别系动词和实义动词 She looks beautiful. (系动词) Look at the picture. (实义动词) He felt the book with his right hand. (实义动词) The silk feels soft. (系动词) 辨别下列粗体动词是系动词还是实义动词 The door stays open at night. He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious. The book still lies open on the desk. What he said proved true.. He can’t proved his theory(理论). 宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。 Exercise: They planted many trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. They helped the old with their ho