负载型铂钯催化剂的制备与应用研究材料学专业论文.docxVIP

西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1页 摘 要 铂系催化剂是化学工业中不可或缺的催化剂，由于其优异的催化性能被 广泛用作各类反应的触媒。本文分别采用浸渍一化学还原法、反相微乳液法制 备了负载型铂、钯催化剂，讨论了催化剂制备工艺参数的确定，并将所制备 的催化剂应用到双组份加成型液体硅胶中，主要结果如下： (1)在浸渍过程中，当铂组分用量为1％时，浸渍2h后吸附即达到饱和， 水浴温度对吸附的影响不明显，pH值约2-3时有利于铂的吸附；还原剂选 择硼氢化钠较好，还原2h即可；所制备的铂炭催化剂可以催化双组份加成型 硅胶在室温条件下24h内固化，其能够满足配制灌封胶的操作要求。 (2)反相微乳液制备过程中，采用Span40作为乳化剂对水相分散比较 好，控制水乳比在15：1时制得的铂催化剂粒径分布窄；催化剂的干燥方式宜 采用冷冻干燥。 (3)采用超声波对活性炭进行了扩孔研究，结果表明超声频率为45KHz， 处理时间2h，输出功率为80％时扩孔效果更好；另将活性炭负载的钯催化剂 与膨胀石墨负载的钯催化剂对比评价，后者的加氢活性略高。 (4)在制备铂、钯催化剂的基础上，研究了多元负载催化剂，主要讨论 了不同铂、钯质量比对催化活性的影响。结果表明：当铂与钯的质量比为1：2 时，铂与钯的协同作用较明显；掺入第三组分有助于增强催化剂的抗毒性。 (5)制备了活性氧化铝固载的铂催化剂及二氧化硅固载的铂催化剂，前 者在双组份加成型液体硅胶中的催化活性比后者略低；在讨论铂催化剂在液 体硅胶中的应用配比时，催化剂用量为5phr时即可满足胶料的固化需求，并 且胶料配方中乙烯基与硅氢基的摩尔比选择在1．5～l范围内更有利于固化反 应的进行。 关键词：铂炭催化剂铂／氧化铝钯催化剂多元负载催化剂均相固载催 化剂 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南科技大学硕士研究生学位论文 第|I页 Abst ract Platinum catalysts were indispensible in chemical industry,the supported platinum and palladium catalysts were prepared through impregnation—chemical reducing or reverse microemulsion．It studied the process parameters for preparation，and applied the catalyst in two component additional silicon rubber, the main results were as followes： In impregnation，when platinum content was 1％，the adsorption could get to saturation after dipping for 2h；the temperature did not influence the adsorption obviously；When the pH was 2～3，it was in favor of platinum adsorption；NaBH4 Was suitable for reducing platinum for 2h；The catalyst could make the liquid silicon rubber curing in 24h under room temperature，it could met the demands for preparing potting compound． In reverse microemulsion process，the Span40 was better for water dispersion． When the weight ratio of water to emulsifier Was 1 5：1，the particle size distribution of catalysts was narrow；The freezing drying was suitable for catalysts drying． It investigated the pore expanding of activated carbon by ultrosonic wave，the results showed when the frequency Was 45KHz，treating it for 2h，and the output power was 80％，the pore expanding r