高中英语语法之现在完成时详细.doc

现在完成时 PAGE PAGE 1 现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示一件事已经发生，这事往往与现在有联系。 I’ve lost my key.(因此无法进屋) I’ve got a letter from my aunt.(因此知道她的近况) My wife has just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there. 2.常和just，already,yet,recently,ever,never,这类副词连用。（现在完成时常和不确定的时间副词连用，如：already,often,never,ever,always,yet,not…yet,before,once(一次)，twice,数词+times,so far,by now,up to now,till now等，有时也可以和包含“现在”概念的时间状语连用，如：recently,now,today,this +时间名词等） He’s just left. Has he phoned you yet?No,not yet. Have you ever talked to him about it ? Have you seen Peter recently? I have never broken my word. Everything has already been used up. already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末； yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末； ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间；never意为“从来都没有”，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Eg.I have never traveled by plane before. before 意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.I haven’t heard of it before. 3.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for，since连用，或与how long 连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。for+时间,since+时间点 I haven’t seen you for ages. He hasnt cleaned the room for months. We’ve lived here for over ten years. I haven’t seen her since June. I have lived here since 2000. How long have you known her? 1)由since引导的从句中的时态： 由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语动词用现在完成时） We’ve been friends ever since we met at school. Much has changed since I was there last time. 2)当表示有多少时间时，主句谓语可用一般现在时： It’s two years since I left home. How long is it since you came here last time? 3)和time一道用的情况： （This）It is the first time I have seen a panda. It is only the second time he’s been in a palace. 4)在下面句型中也可用现在完成时： This is the best tea I have ever drunk. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. This is the easiest job I have ever had. 4.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法 1）现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如： 我离开这所学校已八年了。 判断正误： I’ve left this school for eight years. （ ） I’ve been away from this school fo