名著中学习英语文化助力高中英语阅读理解.docVIP

名著中学习英语文化助力高中英语阅读理解 （乌鲁木齐市实验学校新疆乌鲁木齐830000） 【摘 要】In the late 19th century American naturalism appeared in the United States as a new literary trend, which took Darwinism and Spenserian social Darwinism as its base? But it has features of its own. As a naturalist writer, Jack London followed the principles of American naturalism in his writing. And his most of popular novel The Call of the Wild fully demonstrates the naturalist features in terms of its theme, character portraying and writing style as wel 1. 【关键词】naturalism, nature, Buck Jack London was one of the most celebrated American writers at the beginning of 20thcentury. During his lifetime he published over forty volumes of works, including one hundred and seventy-one novels and short stories. Simply from the respect of the quantity of his works, London challenged equivalence, let alone the quality of his many novels, such as Martin Eden, The Call of the Wild, and The Iron Hell, to name just a few. In the latel9th century , a new literary trend appeared in the United States? With the development of science and technology, new ideas about man and man，s place in the universe began to take root in America. The world was no Ion ger a smil ing one, but the one full of struggle, confliet and competition. Life became a struggle for surviva 1. Darwin? s ideas of evolution and especially those of Herbert Spencer had great influence in America and helped to change the outlook of many rising authors and intellectuals , and produced an attitude of gloom and despair which characterized America Literature of this period? (Chang Yaoxin 1990： pl96) Hence the appearance of American naturalism. Naturalism, as a literary trend, was first known to the world in the 1860s, with Zola as its pioneer. In lit era tu re, it is a moveme nt u based on the t heory that human behavior is mechanistically determined by heredity , environment , or physical impulsev . (Collier? s Encyclopedia 1982 : p212 ) Due to its scientific accuracy and e