高中英语虚拟语气(Subjunctive)语法课件.pptVIP

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 一、在if条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。 [例句] 1.If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。 (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 (与过去事实相反) 3.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 (与将来事实可能相反) 如果虚拟语气从句中用 should + 动词原形的话，主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示 防备，以防万一等含义. If it should rain tomorrow, don’t wait for me. 万一明天下雨，不要等我了. If Tom should bleed again, call me. 万一Tom又流血了， 打电话给我. 当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整 1)if you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now. 2)If the doctor had come sooner last night, Tom would be alive now. 3)If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would be fine now. (从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反) 如果if 从句中有were, should 或者had ，可以省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 3. If it should rain, I would stay at home. 如果条件句为否定句，not 应该放在主语后不 能与were, had(助动词),和should连写放在句首. If I were not busy, I would go with you. = Were I not busy, I would go with you. With better equipment, we could have done it better. 要是有好的设备，我们本可以做的更好。 Without your help, I couldn’t have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我不可能成功的。 But for the storm, we could have arrived earlier. 要不是这场暴风雨，我们本可以早点到的。 Intend, hope, want, plan, mean 等的过去完成时态或过去时态或动词用过去式‘不定式用完成时态时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气. He had hoped for a better job, but he didn’t get it. I had meant to go on Sunday but have stayed on. I intended to have helped him, but I was very busy at that time. Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2. If I had known you were coming, I ___ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met 3. If only I ___ to my parents! But I didn’t. A. listened