主谓一致中的靠近原则.PPTVIP

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  • 2019-02-05 发布于天津
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主谓一致中的靠近原则

* * 主谓一致是指:1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致;2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致;3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。   一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。 例:There is much water in the thermos. 热水瓶里有很多水。 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。 例:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年产碳1万吨。 2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,not only … but also… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 a) Either you or she is right. 不是你对就是她对。  b) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 这儿有一只笔,一些信封和给你的几张纸。 3) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。 a) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 有三周的时间来做必要的准备。 b) Ten yuan is enough. 10元钱就够了。 4) 以动词不定式、动名词、或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 To study hard is very important. What he said has nothing to do with me. ?1. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 例:Reading and writing are very important. 读和写非常重要。 注意: 主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 例:The teacher and writer has made us a report. 2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 a) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一只笔,一把刀和几本书。 b) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有20个男生,23个女生。 ?3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 例: a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。 b) He as well as I wants to go boating. 我和他都想去划船。 2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,not only … but also… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 a) Either you or she is right. 不是你对就是她对。  b) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 这儿有一只笔,一些信封和给你的几张纸。 ?3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 例: a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。 b) He as well as I wants to go boating. 我和他都想去划

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