英国文学讲稿4培根.pptVIP

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) 1. A brief introduction to Bacon a representative of the Renaissance in England, English philosopher and statesman, scientist and essayist., statesman, born in London, England, Jan 22, 1561 and died in London, April 9 1626. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. Francis Bacon was a key figure in the transition from the late Middle Ages to modern Europe. Bacon was, more precisely, the prophet of a new century, which was characterized by the growing scientific spirit. 2. Bacons major contribution to modern science Bacon’s major contribution to modern science was his promotion of the inductive method归纳法 of reasoning, which, exactly contrary to the deductive（演绎的） method used by medieval scholars, formulated generalizations only after close observation of facts. 3. Bacons Works Bacons works may be divided into three groups: the philosophical works; the literary works the professional works. 3.1 philosophical works The Advancement of Learning 《治学之道》(1605) Novum Organum《新工具》 (1620). enlarged Latin version The former deals with the accomplishments of science up to his time. In this work Bacon analyzed the various divisions of knowledge and considered the possible means of advancing them. In the latter Bacon described the method by which knowledge could be universalized. 3.2 literary works Second group: Essays Apophthagmes New and Old (1605) The History of the Reign of Henry Ⅶ (1622) The New Atlantis (unfinished)《新大西岛》. The famous: Of Studies, Of Travel, Of Truth, and Of Wisdom. These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death and many others. 3.3 professional works Third group: Maxims of Law 《法律的准则》 The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Uses 《谈使用法则》(1642) 4. Resource of